APPENDIX A Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
Chordata (kor-da’tah)
A
Phylum in which man is classified
2
Q
Vertebrata (ver´´tӗ-bra´tah)
A
Subphylum in which man is classified
3
Q
Mammalia (mah-ma’le-ah)
A
Class in which man is classified
4
Q
Primate (pri´māt)
A
Order in which man is classified
5
Q
Homo sapiens
A
Proper way to write genus and species of man
6
Q
Adenohypophysis (ad´´ӗ-no-hi-pof-ĭ-sis)
A
The anterior and intermediate part of the pituitary gland
7
Q
Neurohypophysis (noor´´o-hi-pof´ə-sis)
A
The posterior pituitary or “pars nervosa”
8
Q
Hypophysis Cerebri (hi-pof´ə-sis sə-re´bri)
A
pituitary gland (entire structure)
9
Q
Epiphysis Cerebri (ə-pif´ə-sis sə-re´bri)
A
pineal gland (body)
10
Q
Embryo (em´bre-o)
A
The name given to the developing human prior to the end of the second month of gestation
11
Q
Fetus (fe´təs)
A
Name applied to the developing human after the second month through parturition (birth)
12
Q
Neonate (ne´o-nāt)
A
The newborn infant (at this point we prefer calling them Fred, Sally, etc.)
13
Q
Denate (den´tāt)
A
notch or toothlike
14
Q
Arcuate (ar´ku-āt)
A
Arrange like an arch
15
Q
Striae (striatal) (stri´e)
A
A groove or streak-like formation
16
Q
Rectus (rek´təs)
A
Means straight
17
Q
Reticular (rə-tik´u-Iər)
A
Net-like
18
Q
Fissure (fish´ər)
A
A relatively deep groove (infolding)
19
Q
Sulcus (sul´kəs)
A
A relatively shallow groove (infolding)
20
Q
Gyrus (ji´rəs)
A
Tortuous convolution. Usually found between the sulci and/or fissures of the cerebrum
21
Q
Folia (fo´le-ə)
A
small page-like gyri of the cerebellum
22
Q
Nuclei (noo´kle-i)
A
As used in neurology, a cluster or group of neuron cell bodies located within the CNS
23
Q
Ganglia (gang´gle-ə)
A
A cluster or group of neuron cell bodies within the PNS (a few exceptions do exist within the CNS)
24
Q
Neuron (noor’ on)
A
A nerve cell
25
Perikaryon (per´´ ĭ -kar´e-on)
used synonymously with the cell body (soma) of the neuron
26
Axon (ak´son)
A process of a neuron which carries the impulse away from the cell body (perikaryon)
27
Dendrite (den´drīt)
A process (often several) of a neuron which carries a charge or impulse toward the cell body
28
Fiber (fi' ber)
If a neuron has a dominately long process (dendrite or axon) that process can be called a "fiber." It may be designated also as a "nerve fiber" or a "neuron fiber"
29
Nerve (nerv)
These are the whitish appearing PNS structures fill with neuron fibers which innervate body's parts
30
Ramus (ra´məs)
Literall means a branch. In neurology, we call the major branches off the spinal nerve trunks the white ramus, gray ramus, ventral ramus etc
31
Axolemma (ak-so-lem´ah)
Name often applied to the outer plasma membrane (plasmalemma) of an axon
32
Neurilemma (noor´´ ĭ-lem´ə)
A covering around a neuron fiber created by a surrounding cell (It may or may not be myelinated)
33
Vertebral Canal (Neural Canal)
passageway created by the continuous nature of vertebral foramina
34
Central Canal
A tiny channel found within the spinal cord and inferior medulla oblongata
35
Aqueduct (ak´we-dukt´´)
passageway, e.g.-- cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)
36
Leptomeninx (lep´´to-men´inks)
Thin membrane. Collective term for the arachnoid mater and pia mater
37
Pachymeninx (pak´´e-me´ninks)
Thick membrane. Used synonymously with the dura mater
38
Somesthetic (so´´mes-thet´ik)
To sense the body
39
Modality (mo-dal´ĭ-te)
A specific sensory entity, such as gustatory (taste), olfaction (smell), pain, etc.
40
Proprioception (pro´´pre-o-sep´shən)
The modality of subconscious awareness of body position and muscle movement
41
Kinesthesia (kin´´es-the´zhə)
The modality of conscious awareness of body position and muscle movement
42
Adrenergic (ad´´ren-er´jik)
The releasing of adrenalin-like (norepinephrine included) molecules at a target site
43
Cholinergic (ko´´lin-er´jik)
The releasing of choline-like (acetylcholine) molecules at a target site
44
Chiasma (ki-as´mah)
A crossing-usually relating to the crossing of optic fibers (e.g. optic {this})
45
Decussation (de´´kə-sa´ shən)
A crossing - used more liberally to indicate crossing of fibers and tracts in the CNS
46
Contralateral (kon´´trah-lat-ər-əl)
To the opposite side
47
Ipsilateral (ip´´sĭ-Iat´ər-əl)
On the same side
48
Anterograde (an´ter-o-grād´´)
Going forward. In neurology often refers to going away from the neuron cell body
49
Retrograde (ret´ro-grād)
Going backward. In neurology often refers to going back toward the cell body
50
Fugal (fu´gəl)
Traveling away from. Used often as a suffix (e.g. pallidal{this} - away from the pallidal nuclei)
51
Lesion (le´zhən)
Any type of injury, damage or "hurt canbe called a lesion
52
Both Sides
| Myelopathy (mi´´ə-lop´ə-the)
Lesion of the spinal cord (rarely used for entire CNS)
53
Necrosis (nə-kro´sis)
Deadness. Death of cells or tissue
54
Neoplasm (tumor) (ne´o-plaz- əm)
Any new abnormal growth
55
Malignant (mə-lig´nənt)
Spreading life threatening neoplasm
56
Metastatic (met´´ə-stat´´ik)
transferring to other tissue
57
Idiopathic (id´´e-o-path´ik)
Generally used to mean something of unknown cause
58
Ischemia (is-ke´me-ə)
Means to suppress blood supply to an area. This results in abnormal function and may lead to necrosis
59
Hematoma (he´´mə-to´mə)
An accumulation of blood outside of the blood vessels (e.g. subdural hematoma, etc.)
60
Aneurysm (an´u-rizm)
An abnormal dilation of a blood vessel wall and its lumen (forms a blood containing sac)
61
Stroke (strōk)
Blood vascular loss in the CNS leading to permanent or prolonged brain damage (cerebrovascular accident)
62
Angiography (an´´je-og´rah-fe)
X-ray of blood vessels injected with radiopaque dyes
63
Myelography (mi´´ə-log´rə-fe)
X-ray of vertebral canal and spinal cord structures following injection of radiopaque dyes into the CSF.
64
Both Sides
| Ataxia (ah-tak´se-əh)
General term for irregularity in skeletal muscle coordination
65
Paralysis (pə-ral´ĭ-sis)
Total or partial loss of normal motor function
66
Aphasia (ah-fa´ze-ah)
Inability to communicate by speech, writing or signs
67
Dysphasia (dis-fa´zhə)
A partial or unusual loss of communicative ability
68
Archi (ar-kē)
Prefix meaning beginning or original
69
Paleo (pa´le-o)
Prefix meaning "old" -similar to but not used interchangeably with "Archi" in the CNS
70
Neo (ne´o)
Prefix meaning "new"-usually in contrast to archi or paleo
71
Cauda Equina (kaw´dah ēkwī-nah)
Horses´ Tail
72
Cephalgia (sĕ-fal´je-ah)
Headache (also spelled cephalagia)
73
Cornu (kor´-nu)
| cornua is plural
Horn-like projection
74
Crus (krus)
Leg or Leg-like
75
Cytoarchitecture (si´´to-ar´kĭ-tek´´tūr)
The pattern of cell arrangements
76
Falx (falks)
| Falces is plural
Sickle-shaped
77
Fenestra (fə-nes´trə)
Window-like
78
Foramen (fo-ra´mən)
Opening (such as foramen Magnum)
79
Glial (gli´əl)
Literally means "glue like." Several CNS cell types are included as glial cells
80
Micron (mi´kron)
A metric system unit of length. The word means "small" and is measured at 1 x 10^-6 meters. μ is its abbreviation. (micrometer is synonymous)
81
Operculum (o-per´ku-ləm)
Means lid or covering
82
Pallium (pal´e-əm)
To "cloak." Used synonymously with "cortex" (e.g. Cerebral cortex is the same as cerebral pallium)
83
Pons (ponz)
Bridge. Located between the Medulla Oblongata (M.O.) and the midbrain (a subdivision of the brain stem)
84
BBB
Blood Brain Barrier
85
CSF
Cerebrospinal Fluid
86
CVA
Cerebrovascular Accident
87
TIA
Transient Ischemic Attack (often precedes the CVA) or RIND (reversible ischemic neurologic deficit)
88
DRG
Dorsal Root Ganglia
89
IVF
Intervertebral Foramen (opening through which the spinal nerve emerges from the vertebral canal)
90
EEG
Electroencephalogram (graph). Record and instrument used to pick up brain waves
91
CAT
Computerized Axial Tomography device (employs X-rays and is widely used)
92
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (utilizes large magnets which rearrange hydrogen molecules)
93
PET
Positron Emission Tomography (Device using radioactively labeled compounds for functional analysis)
94
M.O.
Medulla Oblongata
95
M.S.
Multiple Sclerosis
96
ALS
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's Disease)
97
GABA
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid. An amino acid which is a common inhibitory CNS neurotransmitter
98
ACH
Acetylcholine (First neurotransmitter identified-widespread in CNS and PNS)
