Appendix A Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
Vertebrata
A
Subphylum in which man is classified
2
Q
Mammalia
A
Class in which man is classified
3
Q
Primate
A
Order in which man is classified
4
Q
Homo Sapiens
A
Proper way to write the genus and species of man
5
Q
Adenohypophysis
A
The anterior and intermediate portions of the pituitary gland
6
Q
Neurophysis
A
The posterior pituitary or “pars nervosa”
7
Q
Hypophysis Cerebri
A
Pituitary gland (entire structure)
8
Q
Epiphysis Cerebri
A
pineal gland (body)
9
Q
Embryo
A
The name given to the developing human prior to the end of the 2nd month of gestation
10
Q
Fetus
A
Name applied to the developing human after the second month through parturition (birth)
11
Q
Neonate
A
The newborn infant (usually given a name by this point)
12
Q
Dentate
A
Notched or toothlike
13
Q
Arcuate
A
Arranged like an arch
14
Q
Striae (striatal)
A
A groove or streak-like formation
15
Q
Rectus
A
Means straight
16
Q
Reticular
A
Net-like
17
Q
Fissure
A
A relatively deep groove
18
Q
Sulcus
A
A relatively shallow groove (infolding)
19
Q
Gyrus
A
Tortuous covolution. Usually found between sulci or/and fissure of the cerebrum
20
Q
Folia
A
Small page like gyri of the cerebellum
21
Q
Nuclei
A
As used in neurology, a cluster or group of neuron cell bodies located within the CNS
22
Q
Ganglia
A
a cluster or group of neuron cell bodies within the PNS (few exceptions in the CNS)
23
Q
Neuron
A
A nerve cell
24
Q
Perikaryon
A
Used synonymously with the cell body (soma) of the neuron
25
Axon
a process of a neuron which carries the impulse away from the cell body (perikaryon)
26
Chordata
Phylum in which man is classified
27
Hillock
a small prominence or elevation
28
Dendrite
A process (often several) of a neuron which carries a charge or imulse toward the cell body
29
Fiber
If a neuron has a dominately long process that process can be called a "fiber" also known as nerve fiber or nerve fiber
30
Nerve
These are the whitish appearing PNS structures fulled with neuron fibers which innervate the body's parts
31
Ramus
Literally means a branch. in neurology we call the major branches off the soinal nerve trunks the white ramus, gray ramus, dorsal ramus, and ventral ramus.
32
Axolemma
Name often applied to the outer plasma membrane of an axon
33
Neurilemma
A covering around a neuron fiber created by a surrounding cell (it may or may not be myelinated)
34
Vertebral canal ( Neural canal)
Passageway created by the continuous nature of vertebral foramina
35
Central Canal
a Tiny channel found within the spinal cord and inferior medulla oblongata
36
Aqueduct
passageway i.e " cerebral aqueduct"
37
Leptomeninx
Thin membrane. Collective term for the arachnoid matter and pia matters
38
Pachyneninx
Thick membrane. Used synonymously with the dura matter
39
Somesthetic
to sense the body
40
Modality
A specific sensory entity, such as gustatory (taste), olfaction (smell), pain, etc
41
Proprioception
the modality of subconscious awareness of body position and muscle movement.
42
Kinesthesia
The modality of conscious awareness of body position and muscle movement.
43
Adrenergic
the releasing of adrenalin-like molecules at a target site
44
Chollinergic
the releasing of choline like (acetlycholine) molecules at a target site
45
Chiasma
a crossing - usually relating to the crossing of optic fibers (optic chiasma )
46
Decussation
a crossing, usually more liberally to indicate crossing fibers and tracts in the CNS
47
Contralateral
to the opposite side
48
Ipsilateral
on the same side
49
Anterograde
Going forward, in neurology ofteh refers to going away from the neuron cell body
50
Retrograde
Going backward. In neurology often refers to going back toward the cell body
51
Fugal
traveling away from, used often as a suffix e.g. pallidfugal - away from the pallidal nuceli
52
Lesion
Any type of injury, damage or "hurt" can be called a lesion
53
Myelopathy
Lesion of the spinal cord
54
Necrosis
Deadness, Death of cells or tissue
55
Neoplasm (tumor)
any new abnormal growth
56
Malignant
Spreading life threatening neoplasm
57
Metastatic
Transferring to other tissue
58
Idiopathic
Generally used to mean something of unknown cause
59
Ischemia
Means to suppress blood supply to an area. This results in abnormal function and may lead to necrosis
60
Hematoma
An accumulation of blood outside of the blood vessels
61
Aneurysm
An abnormal dilation of blood vessel wall and its lumen ( forms a blood vessel containing sac)
62
Stroke
Blood vascular loss in the CNS leading to per,anent or prolonged brain damage
63
Angiography
X-Ray of blood vessel injected with radiopaque dyes
64
Myelography
X-Ray of vertebral canal and spinal cord structures following injection of radiopaque dyes into the CSF
65
Ataxia
General term for irregularity in skeletal muscle coordination
66
Paralysis
Total or partial loss of normal motor function
67
Aphasia
Inability to communicate by speech, writing or signs
68
Dysphasia
A partial or unusual loss of communicative ability
69
Archi
Prefix meaning beginning or original
70
Paleo
prefix meaning old - similar to but not used interchangeably with "archi" in the CNS
71
Neo
Prefix meaning new- used in contrast to archi or paleo
72
Cauda Equina
Horses' tail
73
Cephalgia
Headache
74
cornu
| cornua - plural
Horn-like projection
75
Crus
Leg or leg-like
76
Cytoarchitecture
The pattern of cell arrangements
77
Falx
| Falces is plural
Sickle shaped
78
Fenestra
Window like
79
Foramen
Opening ( such as Foramen Magnum )
80
Glial
Literally means "glue like". several CNS cell types are included as glial cells
81
Micron
A metric system unit of length. The word means small and is measured at 1x10-6 m (its abbrevation)
82
Operculum
Means lid or covering
83
Pallium
to "cloak". Used synonymously with "cortex"
84
Pons
Bridge. Located between the M.O. and the midbrain
85
BBB
Blood Brain Barrier
86
CSF
Cerebrospinal Fluid
87
CVA
Cerebrovascular Accident
88
TIA
Transient Ischemic Attack - often proceeds to CVA or RIND ( reversible ischemic neurologic deficit)
89
DRG
Dorsal Root Ganglia
90
IVF
Intervertebral Foramen ( opening through which the spinal nerve emerges from the vertebral canal)
91
EEG
Electroencephalogram ( graph ). Record and instrument used to pick up brain waves
92
CAT
Computerized Axial Tomography device ( employs x-rays and is widely used)
93
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ( utilized large magnets which rearrange hydrogen molecules)
94
PET
Positron emission Tomography ( device using radioactively labeled compounds for functional analysis )
95
M.O.
Medulla Oblongata
96
M.S.
Multiple Sclerosis
97
ALS
Amyotrophic Lateral SClerosis ( lou gehrigs disease)
98
GABA
GAMMA AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. An amino acid which is a common inhibitory CNS neurotransmitter
99
ACH
Acetylcholine ( first neurotransmitter identified- widespread in CNS and PNS )
