Application Modernization

Question 1

What is a monolithic achitecture?

Answer 1

A monolithic architecture is an architecture whereby applications are composed as indivisible units of software. Even though an application can have many different components, none of those components can be deployed as stand alone services

Question 2

What is a microservices architecture?

Answer 2

A microservices architecture is an architecture whereby applications are composed of divisible units of software. Each component that makes up an application can be deployed as a stand alone service

Question 3

What is a Dockerfile?

Answer 3

A Dockerfile is a file of instructions for building container images

Question 4

What is a container registry?

Answer 4

A container registry is a repository for container images

Question 5

What is Kubernetes?

Answer 5

Kubernetes is a system for deploying and managing containerized applications

Question 6

What is orchestration?

Answer 6

Orchestration is the automated configuration, management, and coordination of computer systems, applications, and services

Question 7

Kubernetes

What is a pod?

Answer 7

A pod is the smallest unit of execution in Kubernetes and holds 1 or more containers

Question 8

Kubernetes

What is a node?

Answer 8

A node is a virtual or physical machine used to run 1 or more pods

Question 9

Kubernetes

What is a cluster?

Answer 9

A cluster is a set of nodes and control plane

Question 10

Kubernetes

What is the purpose of the control plane?

Answer 10

The purpose of the control plane is to manage nodes and pods

Question 11

Kubernetes

What are the 4 components of a control plane?

Answer 11

1. API Server
2. Scheduler: assigns pods to nodes
3. Controller Manager: monitors cluster state
4. etcd: key-value store for all cluster data

Question 12

Kubernetes

What are the 4 components of a node?

Answer 12

1. Pod
2. Container runtime: runs the containers inside pods
3. Kube-proxy: maintains network communication rules to pods
4. Kubelet: makes sure the containers in pods are running

Question 13

Does Kubernetes interact with containers directly?

Answer 13

No. Kubernetes interacts with pods

Question 14

Kubernetes

What is the purpose of a configuration file?

Answer 14

To specify the desired state of a cluster

Question 15

Kubernetes

What is a deployment object?

Answer 15

A deployment is a file that defines a pod’s desired behavior and life cycle

Question 16

What are ConfigMap objects?

Answer 16

ConfigMap objects are key-value pairs that define environment variables for pods. This decouples environment configuration from container images so that your applications are easily portable. Containers in the pod reference the ConfigMap and use its values

Question 17

Does each pod get its own IP address?

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

How do pods communicate with one another?

Answer 18

Through Kubernetes service objects

Question 19

What is load balancing?

Answer 19

Load balancing is the process of efficiently distributing network traffic among multiple resources

Question 20

Kubernetes

What is the purpose of an ingress object?

Answer 20

To expose traffic routes from outside the cluster to services within the cluster

Question 21

What is PaaS?

Answer 21

PaaS offers a set of services to build and manage modern applications so organizations do not need to manage the underlying infrastructure (usually hardware and operating systems)

For example, developers can build custom applications online without having to deal with hardware, operating system, storage, and infrastructure management and maintenance issues

Question 22

What is the purpose of a service mesh?

Answer 22

Weaves together thousands of microservices through automated, cross-channel communication between running applications

Question 23

What is the purpose of IaC?

Question 24

What is the difference among IaaS, PaaS, SaaS?

Question 25

What is CI/CD?