Application Of Reproduction And Genetics Pmt

Question 1

Explain why the parts are known as sticky ends

Answer 1

. They have unpaired bases
. They have exposed bases
. They are single stranded DNA

Question 2

Define the term plasmid (1)

Answer 2

Ring of dna found in bacteria

Question 3

Why is it important to use the same enzyme (1)

Answer 3

So that the cut ends or the fragments and the plasmid are complementary

Question 4

What the type of enzyme used to join the cut the fragments into the plasmid (1)

Answer 4

Ligase

Question 5

Explain why introns are more useful for genetic fingerprinting than exon (2)

Answer 5

. Introns are non coding / exon code for protein
. So there is more variability

Question 6

Give 2 feature which would lead to the identification of suspect show on graph (1)

Answer 6

Same position and thickness of bands

Question 7

Polymerase chain is a technique that enables the analysis of these small samples of DNA. State how PCR makes this possible (1)

Answer 7

Amplifies DNA/ makes multiple copies

Question 8

The enzyme used in the technique has an important function during interphase in both mitosis and meiosis (2)

Answer 8

.The name of enzyme used: DNA polymerase
. The enzyme function in interphase : replication

Question 9

Explain why 2 different DNA primers are required (1)

Answer 9

. Differnt nucleotide sequence at each end / one primer for each strand of DNA

Question 10

Suggest why it is important to use primers which are specific to a certain gene on each chromosome (1)

Answer 10

Enables the gene to be amplified

Question 11

Suggest why it is necessary to express the quantity of the gene as a ratio (2)

Answer 11

. Does not matter how many cycles in pcr
. Ratio will be the same