Applied Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Where is the cranium?

Answer 1

crown of the head

Question 2

where is the sternum?

Answer 2

chest

Question 3

where is the humerus?

Answer 3

upper arm (shoulder and elbow joint)

Question 4

where is the radius?

Answer 4

thumb side of forearm (elbow and wrist joint)

Question 5

where is the ulna?

Answer 5

Pinky side of forearm (elbow and wrist joint)

Question 6

where is the femur?

Answer 6

Upper leg (pelvis and knee joint)

Question 7

what is the patella?

Answer 7

Kneecap (knee joint)

Question 8

where are tarsals?

Answer 8

top of the foot

Question 9

What are the metatarsals?

Answer 9

Connect tarsals to phalanges

Question 10

What are phalanges?

Answer 10

Toes or fingers

Question 11

What is the scapula?

Answer 11

Shoulder blade (shoulder joint)

Question 12

What is the clavicle?

Answer 12

Collarbone

Question 13

where are ribs?

Answer 13

in the chest (connect to spine)

Question 14

What are vertebrae?

Answer 14

the spine

Question 15

What is the pelvis?

Answer 15

Hip

Question 16

What are the carpals?

Answer 16

wrist

Question 17

What are the metacarpals?

Answer 17

Connect carpals to phalanges

Question 18

where is the fibula?

Answer 18

Outside of lower leg

Question 19

where is the tibia?

Answer 19

Inside of lower leg

Question 20

What is the talus?

Answer 20

Ankle

Question 21

What is the primary function of the skeleton?

Answer 21

Framework which allows movement

Question 22

What are the two scales of movement?

Answer 22

Gross and fine

Question 23

What are the four types of bones?

Answer 23

• Short
• Long
• Flat
• Irregular

Question 24

structure and function of a short bone

Answer 24

-small, cube-like structures
-provide support, stability, and fine movement

Question 25

structure and function of long bones

Answer 25

-Wide shaft, greater in length than width -function as levers, bone marrow produces blood cells

Question 26

What is the function of flat bones?

Answer 26

-Protect vital organs -provide attachment points for muscles

Question 27

What is unique about irregular bones?

Answer 27

Vary in shape and size and perform specific functions

Question 28

What are the two key movement producing bones?

Answer 28

* Long bones * Short bones

Question 29

What is a tendon?

Answer 29

Muscle to bone

Question 30

What is a ligament?

Answer 30

Bone to bone

Question 31

What is the origin of a muscle?

Answer 31

Superior point of attachment

Question 32

What is the insertion of a muscle?

Answer 32

Inferior point of attachment

Question 33

What are the six functions of the skeleton?

Answer 33

* Support * Protection * Movement * Structural Shape * Mineral Storage * Blood Cell Production

Question 34

What encloses a synovial joint?

Answer 34

Joint capsule

Question 35

What does the synovial membrane produce?

Answer 35

Synovial fluid

Question 36

What is the purpose of synovial fluid?

Answer 36

Lubricates the joint

Question 37

What does cartilage do?

Answer 37

Cushions impact between bones

Question 38

What stabilizes the joint?

Answer 38

Ligaments

Question 39

What are bursae?

Answer 39

Fluid-filled sacs that prevent damage due to impact

Question 40

What are synovial joints?

Answer 40

Freely-moving articulations

Question 41

What movements do hinge joints allow?

Answer 41

flexion and extension

Question 42

What movements do ball and socket joints allow?

Answer 42

Allows flexion, extension, rotation, adduction, abduction, circumduction

Question 43

What is flexion?

Answer 43

Movement forward of a joint from the anatomical position

Question 44

What is extension?

Answer 44

Movement backward of a joint from the anatomical position

Question 45

What is plantar flexion?

Answer 45

Pointing toes away from the shins

Question 46

What is dorsiflexion?

Answer 46

Pointing toes toward the shins

Question 47

What is abduction?

Answer 47

Movement away from the midline of the body

Question 48

What is adduction?

Answer 48

Movement towards the midline of the body

Question 49

What is circumduction?

Answer 49

Movement of a limb in a circle around the joint

Question 50

What is rotation?

Answer 50

Twisting around an axis

Question 51

What movements can a hinge joint perform?

Answer 51

* Flexion * Extension

Question 52

What is angular motion?

Answer 52

Movement in circles

Question 53

What is the function of the deltoid muscle?

Answer 53

Moves the shoulder in all directions

Question 54

What does the latissimus dorsi do?

Answer 54

Adducts and extends shoulder

Question 55

What is the role of the rotator cuff?

Answer 55

Rotates shoulder

Question 56

What does the pectoralis major do?

Answer 56

Adducts shoulder

Question 57

What is the function of the abdominals?

Answer 57

Flexes spine

Question 58

What does the biceps do?

Answer 58

Flexes elbow

Question 59

What is the role of the triceps?

Answer 59

Extends elbow

Question 60

What do the gluteals do?

Answer 60

Adducts and extends hips

Question 61

What is the function of the hip flexors?

Answer 61

Flexes hip

Question 62

What do the quadriceps do?

Answer 62

Extends knee

Question 63

What is the role of the hamstrings?

Answer 63

Flexes knee

Question 64

What does the gastrocnemius do?

Answer 64

Plantar flexion

Question 65

What is the function of the tibialis anterior?

Answer 65

Dorsiflexion

Question 66

What does the sternocleidomastoid muscle aid in?

Answer 66

Breathing

Question 67

What is the soleus muscle located?

Answer 67

Under the gastrocnemius

Question 68

What are antagonistic pairs?

Answer 68

Pairs of muscles that work in opposition

Question 69

What are the two roles of an antagonistic pair?

Answer 69

* Agonist * Antagonist

Question 70

What is the agonist muscle?

Answer 70

Produces/controls movement

Question 71

What is the antagonist muscle?

Answer 71

Relaxes simultaneously to allow movement

Question 72

What happens if the antagonist does not relax?

Answer 72

The agonist cannot contract

Question 73

What are the two types of muscle contractions?

Answer 73

* Isometric * Isotonic

Question 74

What is an isometric contraction?

Answer 74

Muscle doesn’t change length but stays under tension

Question 75

What are the two subgroups of isotonic contraction?

Answer 75

* Concentric * Eccentric

Question 76

What happens during concentric contraction?

Answer 76

Muscle shortens under tension

Question 77

What happens during eccentric contraction?

Answer 77

Muscle lengthens under tension

Question 78

What are the features of isotonic concentric contraction?

Answer 78

* Muscle shortens under tension * Joint angle decreases * Insertion moves towards the origin

Question 79

What are the features of isotonic eccentric contraction?

Answer 79

* Muscle lengthens under tension * Joint angle increases * Insertion moves away from the origin * Muscle acts as a brake

Question 80

What are the features of isometric contraction?

Answer 80

Muscle remains the same length