applied anatomy and physiology - bones and muscles

Question 1

bones at the shoulder

Answer 1

scapula and humerus

Question 2

bones at the head and neck

Answer 2

cranium and vertebrae

Question 3

bones at the chest

Answer 3

ribs and sternum

Question 4

bones at the elbow

Answer 4

humerus radius and ulna

Question 5

bones at the knee

Answer 5

femur tibia and patella

Question 6

bones at the ankle

Answer 6

tibia fibula talus

Question 7

4 types of bones

Answer 7

flat bones short bones long bones irregular bones

Question 8

functions of the skeleton

Answer 8

support movement protection structure and production of red blood cells and minerals

Question 9

synovial joints

Answer 9

freely movable joints

Question 10

hinge joints

Answer 10

allow movement in one plane through flexion and extension

Question 11

ball and socket joints

Answer 11

allows all types of movememt in almost all directions

Question 12

synovial membrane

Answer 12

contains and produces synovial fluid

Question 13

synovial fluid

Answer 13

lubricates a joint to help it run smoothly

Question 14

joint capsule

Answer 14

encloses and supports the joint to prevent exessive movement

Question 15

bursae

Answer 15

sacs of fluid which allow bones to glide over them - reducing friction

Question 16

cartilage

Answer 16

absorbs shock and acts as a buffer reduces friction

Question 17

ligaments

Answer 17

connect bone to bone - elasticated to absorb shock

Question 18

tendons

Answer 18

connect muscle to bone

Question 19

flexion

Answer 19

bending a joint so the angle decreases - bicep curl

Question 20

extension

Answer 20

bending a joint so the angle increases- backhand shot

Question 21

plantar flexion

Answer 21

pointing the toes- ballet

Question 22

dorsi flexion

Answer 22

lifting the toes- long jump

Question 23

abduction

Answer 23

moving a limb away from the midline of the body- butterfly

Question 24

adduction

Answer 24

moving a limb towards the midline of the body- rings in gymnastics

Question 25

rotation

Answer 25

twisting of the bone along its long axis- canoeing

Question 26

circumduction

Answer 26

circular movement of a limb round a ball and socket joint- pommel horse

Question 27

agonist

Answer 27

contracts to pull a bone (prime mover)

Question 28

antagonist

Answer 28

relaxes

Question 29

muscle pair at the shoulder

Answer 29

latissimus dorsi and deltoid

Question 30

muscle pair at elbow

Answer 30

biceps and triceps

Question 31

muscle pair at hip

Answer 31

hip flexors and gluteals

Question 32

muscle pair at knee

Answer 32

hamstrings and quadriceps

Question 33

muscle pair at ankle

Answer 33

tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius

Question 34

isotonic contractions

Answer 34

create movement when a muscle is under load

Question 35

concentric contraction

Answer 35

shortens the muscle

Question 36

eccentric contraction

Answer 36

lengthens the muscle

Question 37

isometric contraction

Answer 37

muscle stays the same length because force is equal to the resistancee