Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Junior Opthamology > Applied Anatomy And Physiology Of The Eye > Flashcards

Applied Anatomy And Physiology Of The Eye Flashcards

(68 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

EMBRYOLOGY AND ANATOMY OF THE EYE
Embryology
Central Nervous System develops from the _________
_________ appears as ________ on either side anteriorly
Grows towards the surface as __________

A

Neural tube

Optic plate; thickening

optic vesicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The two eyes develop from these optic vesicles, with _____derm and _____derm in contact from ______th week of gestation

A

ecto; meso

3-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The eye originates from the _______,______, and _________

A

Neural ectoderm
Surface ectoderm
Mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

5 Parts of the eye from the surface ectoderm

A

Conjunctival epithelium
Corneal epithelium
Crystalline lens
Eyelash
Epithelium of (meiboimian glands, glands of moll, lacrimal gland and accessory lacrimal glands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Parts of the eye from the mesoderm

A

Bony orbit
Ciliary muscles
Extraocular muscles
Vitreous
Sclera
Choroid
Iris stroma
Corneal stroma and endolethium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Parts of the eye from the neural ectoderm

A

Sensory retina
Retina pigment epithelium
Pigment epithelium of iris
Ciliary body epithelium
Sphincter pupillae
Dilator pupillae
Melanocytes
Neural part of optic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Structure of the Eye
— Three layers

_________ _________ coat
_________ _________ layer
_________ _________ layer.

A

Outer fibrous coat
Middle vascular layer
Innermost Neurosensory layer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Structure of the Eye
— Three layers
Outer fibrous coat- ______ and _________
Middle vascular layer – ______,_______,__________
Neurosensory layer. ___________,__________, and ____________ .

A

sclera and cornea

iris, ciliary body, choroid

Retinal pigmentation epithelium layer and Neurosensory retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Volume of Globe ??

A

7cc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Axial length of the globe ??

A

23-25mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Interior of the eyeball

_______
_______
_______
_______

A

Anterior chamber
Aqueous humor
Lens
Vitreous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Accessory structures
—

_________
________ and _______
______________
______________

A

Eyebrows
— Eyelids and Eyelashes
— Lacrimal apparatus
— Extraocular muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Conjunctiva
It is the _________ membrane overlying the ———— and lining the ____________________

A

tranparent

eyeball

inner surfaces of the eyelids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Conjunctiva

__________ Conjunctiva
___________ Conjunctiva

A

Palpebaral
Bulbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bulbar conjunctiva

It is ___________ and lies ___________ over the underlying structure and thus can be moved easily

It is separated from the anterior sclera by _________ and ___________

A

Transparent; loose

Episcleral tissue

Tenon’s capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Palpebral conjunctiva

It is richly _________ , extremely (thin or thick?) and (weakly or strongly?) bounded to the ________

A

Vascular

Thin

Strongly ; Tarsal plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sclera
is the ______ of the Eye
It is the firm (anterior or posterior?) ___/6
outercoat of the eye

A

white

posterior 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sclera

______ thick, but very _____ and ______ like posteriorly where optic nerve pierces it – ___________ _____

A

1mm

thin and sieve

Lamina Cribrosa

0.1mm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sclera

Helps in maintaining the ______ of the eyeball and gives _________ to ___________

A

shape

attachment

extraocular muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cornea

Forms the (anterior or posterior ?) ___/6 of the outer coat

__________ , (Vascular or Avascular?), _________ and (Denervated or Innervated?)

A

anterior; 1

Transparent; Avascular

Dehydrated; Innervated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cornea

___________ in shape.

Dioptric power ____D - _____D.

A

Ellipsoid

+43

+45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Main refractive surface of the eye is??

A

Cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

__________ is responsible for 70% of vision

A

Cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Uvea
Iris

_________ _________ __________ with a central aperture – _____

Composed of _________,__________, and __________

A

Coloured circular diaphragm

pupil

endothelium, stroma and pigment cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
_________ Dictates colour of the eye- brown/black/blue
Iris
26
Iris- Uvea 2 groups of ________ muscle fibres ________ (________ pupillae) ________ (________ Pupillae)
smooth circular (Sphincter pupillae) Radial (Dilator Pupillae)
27
CILIARY BODY ____________ in shape with ______ forwards 6mm Located between _________ anteriorly and __________ posteriorly
Triangular; base Scleral Spur Ora Serrata
28
Iris is attached to the ______________ of the ________
middle of the base Ciliary body
29
Ciliary body Divided into: anteriorly ________ ___mm with _________ Posteriorly:__________ __mm ______
Pars Plicata; 2; Ciliary processes Pars plana; 4; flat
30
Ciliary body Consist of 4 layers List them
Ciliary muscle Stroma Ciliary processes Epithelium
31
Ciliary body Consist of 4 layers Ciliary muscle:-_______ muscle responsible for ___________ Stroma consists of _______,_____,_____,_____ Ciliary processes – ________________ Epithelium – _________ and ___________
Smooth; accommodation collagen, nerves, pigments, blood vessels aqueous production Pigmented and Non pigmented layers
32
Anterior and Posterior chambers Contain ___________, clear colourless and ___________ fluid Produced by the ___________________
aqueous humor; optically empty Non pigmented ciliary epithelium
33
Aqueous humor Continuous process of production ______/min
2-3ul
34
Processes of aqueous production are:??????
Active secretion 80-90% ultra filtration Passive Diffusion
35
Aqueous Flow — (Increases or Reduces?) with Aging — Distinctive Circadian rhythm with reduction by _____% during Sleep — Normal outflow facility 0.1-0.4ul/min/mHg
Reduces 47
36
Aqueous humor _____ml in Anterior chamber — _____ ml in Posterior chamber —
0.25 0.06
37
Aqueous drainage through _____________(75%) to ___________ and _______________ (25%) in the _____ of anterior chamber
trabecularmeshwork Canal of Schlem Uveoscleral Outflow; angle
38
Aqueous humor helps in maintaining ________ of the eyeball Supplies nutrients to ________,_______,_______
shape cornea, lens and iris.
39
Intraocular pressure ranges normally ______mmHg by applanation.
10-21
40
INTRAOCULAR LENS _________,__________ structure _______ in early life, but _______ with aging
Crystalline, biconvex Elastic; hardens
41
Intraocular lens Transparent, avascular,Dehydrated but ____________ Lies behind the __________ suspended by __________ from _________.
not innervated pupil; zonules of Zinn ciliary body
42
_________ is Responsible for 25% of refraction
Intraocular lens
43
Intraocular lens is Responsible for _____% of refraction
25
44
CHOROID Highly ________ ________ layer between _________ and ________ Extends from __________ to the _________ aperture in the sclera
vascular dark brown sclera and retina ora serrata; optic nerve
45
Choroid ________________ up to —————- depends on choroid for nutrition and blood supply Composed of ___________ space, stroma and _______ membrane.
Outer layers of retina outer nuclear layer suprachoroidal ; Bruch’s
46
Vitreous Humor Transparent ____-like structure Lies behind the _______ Fills the _____________ of the eyeball
gel lens posterior 4/5
47
vitreous cavity space is ?? Vitreous humor quantity Present at birth Volume is ???
4.5mls 4mls
48
Vitreous humor Made up of ____% ______ and _______ with some _____
99; water gelatin; salts
49
RETINA ____________ layer of the Eye — Composed of _____ layers Overlying the Retina Pigment epithelium layer Lines about ___________ of eyeball
Neurosensory Ten; three quarters
50
___________ is the most sensitive part of the retina, responsible for _______,_______ vision
Macula Sharp, detailed
51
Optic disc located _________ , it is the aggregation of ____________ , ____mm in diameter Averagely ___________ nerve fibres
nasally; nerve fibre layer 1.5 1.2million
52
Optic nerve extends from ____________ to the ____________, _____ in length.
lamina cribosa; optic chiasma 50mm
53
Optic nerve Intraocular _____ Intraorbital _______ Intracanalicular ________ Intracranial ________
1mm 25mm 4-10mm 10-15mm
54
BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE EYE ___________ artery, a branch of _________ artery _____ short ciliary arteries _____ long ciliary arteries _______________ artery
Ophthalmic; internal carotid 20; 2 Central retinal
55
VENOUS DRAINAGE __________ veins _________ veins ________ veins _____________ veins Drainage into ________ veins, which empties into ___________.
Short ciliary Anterior ciliary Vortex; Central retinal ophthalmic; cavernous sinus
56
NERVE SUPPLY TO THE EYE 3 types of Nerves ________ Nerves ________ Nerves ________ Nerves
Motor Nerves Sensory Nerves Autonomic Nerves
57
Motor Nerves Oculomotor Nerve (3rd CN) Superior division - _____________ - ________________ Inferior Division - _____________ - _____________ - _____________ - Branch to _________ * ______________ * ______ muscle
Levator palpebrae superioris Superior rectus Medial rectus Inferior rectus Inferior oblique ciliary ganglion * Sphincter pupillae * Ciliary muscle
58
Motor nerves Trochlear Nerve (4th CN) supplies __________ muscle Abducens nerve (6th CN) supplies ___________ Facial Nerve (7th CN) _____________
superior oblique lateral rectus Orbicularis Oculi
59
SENSORY NERVES _________ Nerve – __________ Branch supplies the whole eye.
Trigeminal Ophthalmic
60
AUTONOMIC NERVES SYMPATHETIC NERVE SUPPLY – through cervical sympathetic Iris- _________ muscle __________ __________ muscle in the lids ______________
dilator pupillae Ciliary body Muller’s Lacrimal gland
61
AUTONOMIC NERVES Parasympathetic Nerve Supplies Iris —______________ muscle _____________ _______________
Sphincter pupillae Ciliary body Lacrimal gland
62
Bony Orbit 2 _________ shaped bony cavities on either side of midline of the face Apex at the ___________ Base formed by ___________ and _________ bones
Pyramidal Optic foramen orbital margin of Frontal and Maxillary
63
Bony orbit Made up of ____ bones: List them ____ Walls
7 Ethmoids,Sphenoids,Maxilla,Frontal,Palantine, Lacrimal,Zygoma 4
64
Volume of the bony orbit ??
Volume 30cc
65
Roof of the Orbit: ???
Orbital plate of Frontal bone Lesser Wing of the Sphenoid (2)
66
Lateral wall: ??
Frontal Process of Zygomatic bone Orbital plate of Greater Wing of Sphenoid bone(2)
67
Floor: ??
Orbital surface of Maxilla Zygomatic bone Palantine bone(3)
68
Medial Wall: ???
Orbital plate of Ethmoids Maxilla Lacrimal Body of Sphenoid(4)

Junior Opthamology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions