Applied Anatomy and Physiology PE

Question 1

Identify two hinge joints on the body

Answer 1

Elbow and knee

Question 2

Identify four functions of the skeletal system

Answer 2

Red Blood Cell production, movement,

protection, shape, support, mineral storage

Question 3

Identify two ball and socket joints on the body.

Answer 3

. Hip and shoulder

Question 4

Which bones meat at the neck and head?

Answer 4

Vertebrae, cranium

Question 5

Which bones make up the shoulder joint?

Answer 5

Humerus, scapula, clavicle

Question 6

Which bones make up the knee joint?

Answer 6

Femur, tibia

Question 7

Which bones make up the elbow joint?

Answer 7

Radius, ulna, Humerus

Question 8

Which bones make up the ankle joint?

Answer 8

Talus, tibia, fibula

Question 9

Define what is meant by abduction.

Answer 9

Movement of a body part away from the body

Question 10

Define what is meant by adduction.

Answer 10

Movement of a body part towards the body

Question 11

Define what is meant by flexion.

Answer 11

Decrease in the angle at a joint

Question 12

Define what is meant by extension.

Answer 12

Increase in the angle at a joint

Question 13

Define what is meant by rotation.

Answer 13

Turning a limb along its long axis

Question 14

Define what is meant by circumduction.

Answer 14

This is where the limb moves in a circle

rotation + another joint action

Question 15

Give the function of a tendon

Answer 15

Attaches a muscle to a bone

Question 16

Give the function of a ligament

Answer 16

Attaches bone to bone

Question 17

Give the function of the synovial fluid

Answer 17

Produced by synovial membrane to lubricate

the joint

Question 18

Give the function of cartilage

Answer 18

Covers the ends of bones providing smooth,

friction free surface

Question 19

Which mineral is needed for bone formation?

Answer 19

Calcium

Question 20

Which movements are performed at hinge

joints?

Answer 20

Flexion and extension

Question 21

Which movements are performed at ball and

socket joints?

Answer 21

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction,

rotation, circumduction

Question 22

What is a joint?

Answer 22

A place where two or more bones meet

Question 23

Which movements can occur at the shoulder

joint?

Answer 23

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction,

rotation, circumduction

Question 24

Which movements can occur at the knee and

elbow joints?

Answer 24

Flexion and extension

Question 25

Which movements can occur at the hip joint?

Answer 25

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, | rotation

Question 26

Which bones make up the hip joint?

Answer 26

Pelvis, femur

Question 27

Which bones make up the chest?

Answer 27

Ribs, sternum

Question 28

Name four muscles in the legs?

Answer 28

Hamstrings, quadriceps, gastrocnemius,

Question 29

Which muscle extends the knee?

Answer 29

Quadriceps

Question 30

Which muscle flexes at the knee?

Answer 30

Hamstrings

Question 31

When throwing a ball, which muscle is the | agonist at the elbow?

Answer 31

Triceps

Question 32

When throwing a ball, which muscle is the | antagonist at the elbow?

Answer 32

Biceps

Question 33

Identify the order of the pathway of air.

Answer 33

Nose/mouth, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, | alveoli

Question 34

Where does gas exchange take place?

Answer 34

Alveoli

Question 35

Which structure in the lungs is one cell thick?

Answer 35

Alveoli

Question 36

Describe gaseous exchange

Answer 36

Oxygen passes through alveoli into red blood cells in capillaries, oxygen combines with haemoglobin, enzyme breaks down carbon dioxide which passes through alveoli and is breathed out.

Question 37

Which features assist with gaseous exchange?

Answer 37

Large surface area of alveoli, thin walls, large blood supply, short diffusion pathway, oxygen combines with haemoglobin, gas moves from high to low concentration

Question 38

Name three blood vessels involved in the | transport of blood?

Answer 38

Veins, arteries, capillaries

Question 39

Identify three characteristics of veins

Answer 39

Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, thinner and less elastic walls, have valves to prevent backflow of blood

Question 40

Identify three characteristics of arteries

Answer 40

Have thick walls, carry oxygenated blood at high pressure away from heart, have no valves, have more elastic walls, arterioles

Question 41

Identify three characteristics of capillaries

Answer 41

Small, allow carbon dioxide, water and waste | products to pass through, have thin walls

Question 42

Define vasodilation

Answer 42

Widening of the diameter of a blood vessel to | increase blood flow

Question 43

Define vasoconstriction

Answer 43

Narrowing of the diameter of a blood vessel to | decrease blood flow

Question 44

Define systolic blood pressure

Answer 44

When the heart is contracting

Question 45

Define diastolic blood pressure

Answer 45

When the heart is relaxing

Question 46

Define hypertension

Answer 46

High blood pressure in the arteries

Question 47

Describe the cardiac cycle

Answer 47

The process of the heart going through the stages of systole and diastole in the atria and ventricles

Question 48

8 Identify the formula for Cardiac Output (Q)

Answer 48

Cardiac Output (Q) = stroke volume x heart rate

Question 49

What is meant by cardiac output?

Answer 49

The amount of blood pumped from the heart in | one minute

Question 50

What is meant by stroke volume?

Answer 50

Amount of blood pumped out of the heart by | each ventricle during one contraction

Question 51

Define heart rate

Answer 51

The number of times the heart beats (measured | in BPM)

Question 52

Define tidal volume

Answer 52

The volume of air inspired or expired in each | breath

Question 53

Describe the difference between aerobic | exercise and anaerobic exercise.

Answer 53

Aerobic is with oxygen, anaerobic is without

Question 54

Describe aerobic exercise

Answer 54

Occurs during the presence of oxygen, occurs when exercising for long periods of time e.g. marathon runner, swimming, cycling, 800m

Question 55

Describe anaerobic exercise

Answer 55

Occurs when no oxygen is available, used only for short periods of time, short intense bursts of activity e.g. 100m, 200m sprinting

Question 56

What is lactic acid?

Answer 56

Mild poison that builds up in muscles due to anaerobic exercise and can cause pain, fatigue and cramp

Question 57

Identify three immediate effects of exercise | during exercise

Answer 57

Increased heart rate, sweaty, increase in | breathing

Question 58

Identify three short term effects of exercise | 24-36 hours after exercise

Answer 58

Tired, fatigue, nausea, headaches, aching, | DOMS, cramp

Question 59

What does DOMS stand for?

Answer 59

Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness

Question 60

Identify three long term effects of exercise | months and years of exercise

Answer 60

Change in body shape, build strength, improve muscular endurance, increase size of heart, lower resting heart rate, improved flexibility, improved stamina