(Applied Anatomy & Physiology) Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

What are the five functions on the skeletal system?

Answer 1

1. Muscle attachment
2. Protection
3. Movement
4. Mineral storage
5. Production of blood cells

Question 2

What are the four classification (types) of bone?

Answer 2

Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones

Question 3

What is a useful mnemonic we can use for remembering the different functions of the skeleton?

Answer 3

Super Star Pele Makes Many Passes

support, structure, protection, movement, mineral storage, production of blood cells

Question 4

What bone is at the bottom of the spine?

Answer 4

Coccyx

Question 5

What bones do the hands contain?

Answer 5

carpals, metacarpals and phalanges

Question 6

What bones does the foot contain?

Answer 6

phalanges, tarsals and metatarsals

Question 7

Where are tarsals found?

Answer 7

In the ankle

Question 8

What do carpals form?

Answer 8

The wrist

Question 9

What are phalanges?

Answer 9

The finger bones

Question 10

What is a joint?

Answer 10

Where 2 or more bones meet?

Question 11

What are the 3 types of joint in the body?

Answer 11

1. Immovable (fixed) joints
2. Slightly moveable joints
3. Synovial joints

Question 12

What do tendons do?

Answer 12

Tendons connect muscle to bone

Question 13

What to ligaments do?

Answer 13

Ligaments connect bone to bone.

Question 14

What are 3 different types of muscle?

Answer 14

Voluntary, involuntary, cardiac

Question 15

What are voluntary muscles?

Answer 15

They are attached to the skeleton and move the bones of the body to help you move. Voluntary muscles are under your control

Question 16

What are involuntary muscles?

Answer 16

You can’t control them. They help control the flow around the body, including voluntary muscles during exercise.

Question 17

Where can we find involuntary muscles?

Answer 17

In blood vessels.

Question 18

What are cardiac muscles?

Answer 18

You can’t control the cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscles is always working to pump blood through the blood vessels. It pumps faster during exercise.

Question 19

Where can you find the cardiac muscle?

Answer 19

In the heart

Question 20

Which upper body muscle is responsible for extension at the elbow?

Answer 20

Triceps

Question 21

What is the function of the Pectoralis major?

Answer 21

Adduction and flexion at the shoulder ( e.g forehand drives in tennis)

Question 22

What is the function of the Deltoids?

Answer 22

Flexion, extension, abduction and circumspection at the shoulder (e.g bowling a cricket ball)

Question 23

What is the function of the Lattissumus dorsi?

Answer 23

Extension, addiction and rotation at the shoulder (e.g butterfly stroke in swimming)

Question 24

What is the function of the Biceps?

Answer 24

Flexion at the elbow (e.g when doing pull ups)

Question 25

What is the function of the triceps ?

Answer 25

Extension at the elbow ( e.g. throwing a javelin)

Question 26

What is the function of the External obliques?

Answer 26

Rotation and flexion at the waist (e.g. turning to throw a discus)

Question 27

What is the function of the hip flexors?

Answer 27

Flexion of the leg at the hip e.g. lifting the knee to run

Question 28

What is the muscle function of the Gluteus maximus?

Answer 28

Extension of the leg at the hip e.g. pulling back leg up kick a football.

Question 29

Quadriceps function?

Answer 29

Extension at the knee e.g. drop kicks in rugby

Question 30

Hamstring function?

Answer 30

Flexion at the knee e.g. bending the knee to kick a football

Question 31

Tibialis anterior function?

Answer 31

Dorsi-flexion at the ankle e.g. turning in snowboarding

Question 32

Gastrocnemius function?

Answer 32

Plantar- flexion at the ankle e.g. toe points in ballet

Question 33

What is an antagonist muscle pair?

Answer 33

A pair of muscles that work together to function and deliver a movement

Question 34

What is an example of an upper body muscle pair?

Answer 34

Biceps (front) + triceps (back) - located on either side of the Humerus

Question 35

What is an example of a lower body muscle pair?

Answer 35

Quadriceps (front) + hamstrings (back) - located either side of the femur (thigh bone)

Question 36

What is an example of an exercise that requires a muscle pair to work together?

Answer 36

When doing hamstring curls, the hamstrings contract and the quadriceps relax

Question 37

Which muscle is the antagonistic one?

Answer 37

The main muscle that causes movement. It then relaxes you to let another muscle work.

Question 38

What is an example of how major muscles work antagonistically?

Answer 38

``` When kicking a football: The quadriceps (prime mover) contract and shorten to straighten the leg. ``` The hamstrings (antagonist) relax and extend to counteract this action.

Question 39

What does the prime mover do?

Answer 39

Initiates movement