Applied Anatomy & Reproductive Physiology Flashcards
(43 cards)
What is the location of the hypothalamus?
Located at the base of the brain.
What hormone does the hypothalamus produce?
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
What role does the hypothalamus play in hormonal activity?
Acts as the ‘conductor’ of hormonal activity.
What does the anterior pituitary receive from the hypothalamus?
GnRH
What hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary?
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
- Prolactin
What shape are the ovaries?
Almond-shaped organs containing follicles.
When is the highest number of ova present?
During fetal life.
What happens to oocytes until ovulation?
Remain in the first meiotic division.
What triggers ovulation?
LH surge.
What do theca cells produce?
Androgens.
What do granulosa cells convert androgens into?
Estrogens.
What is the role of estrogens in the menstrual cycle?
Stimulate endometrial thickening.
What are the types of estrogens?
- Estradiol (pre-menopause)
- Estrone (post-menopause)
- Estriol (pregnancy)
What does progesterone prepare the endometrium for?
Implantation.
What is the function of androgens in female reproductive physiology?
Essential for female reproductive function.
What occurs during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?
FSH stimulates follicle development; estrogen levels rise.
What triggers the release of the ovum?
LH surge.
What does the corpus luteum secrete during the luteal phase?
Progesterone.
What happens if fertilization does not occur?
Menstruation occurs; endometrium sheds.
Where does fertilization occur?
In the ampulla.
How long can sperm survive in the upper genital tract?
2-5 days.
What is the structure of the uterus?
Muscular organ with an inner lining (endometrium).
What happens to the endometrium under estrogen during the follicular phase?
Proliferates.
What prepares the endometrium for implantation?
Secretory phase under progesterone.
