Applied Embryology Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Applied Embryology Deck (7)
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1
Q

What are the most common kinds of birth defects?

A

Congenital heart defects (6:1,000)

Neural tube defects (1:1,000)

2
Q

What are the two categories of teratogen?

A

Environmental exposure of mother during pregnancy

Genetic defect passed on by either parent

3
Q

What are the potential effects of teratogenicity?

A
  • Intrauterine death
  • Structural (congenital) malformations
  • IUGR or growth defects
  • Neurodevelopmental / behavioural dysfunction
  • Developmental delay
  • Carcinogenesis (exposing babies in-utero to X-rays can cause childhood leukaemia)
4
Q

When are structural and functional defects due to teratogenicity most likely to occur?

A

Structural defects- weeks 3-11

Functional defects- weeks 12 onwards

5
Q

By what triad is congenital rubella syndrome defined?

A
  • Sensorineural deafness
  • Eye abnormalities (retinopathy, cataracts, microphthalmia)
  • Congenital heart disease (pulmonary artery stenosis, patent ductus arteriosus)
6
Q

What are the potential problems related to a double uterus?

A
  • No effect
  • Dysparunia/aparunia
  • Infertility
  • Abnormal lie in pregnancy/labour
7
Q

What is uterus didelphus?

A

Partial fusion of the uterine membranes, resulting in dimpling on the superficial aspect of the uterus