Applied Ethics Flashcards
(40 cards)
What are Mary Anne Warren’s criteria for personhood?
- Consciousness
- Reasoning
- Self-motivation
- Communication
- Self-awareness
What is the definition of an embryo?
The product of conception after implantation into the wall of the womb, usually 2-8 weeks after fertilization
What does HFEA stand for?
Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority/Act
When was the first IVF treatment performed?
1969
Why was embryo research legalized?
To research treatment of serious disease
How many days does the HFEA allow an embryo to be used for research?
Up to 14
What does the HFEA prevent?
A research embryo being implanted in the womb
What is human cloning?
The creation of a genetically identical copy of a human
What is therapeutic cloning?
Production of an embryo which can generate stem cells for medical purposes
What is reproductive cloning?
The implantation of a cloned embryo into a real or artificial uterus, that develops and is carried to full term
What is a ‘designer baby’?
A baby whose genetic makeup has been selected or altered, often to include or remove a specific gene
What is pre-implantation genetic diagnosis?
A type of embryo testing used by people with serious inherited conditions, where embryos without the condition are implanted
What is pre-implantation tissue typing?
A type of embryo testing used to find a perfect tissue match for another person, usually in the case of children with life-limiting blood conditions
What is ‘the quickening’ and when is it in a pregnancy?
The stage at which a parent can feel the fetus’ movements, week 14
what is viability and when does it develop in a pregnancy?
The ability of the fetus to breathe by itself, week 24
At what week in a pregnancy does a fetus feel pain?
Week 20
What is the definition of abortion?
The deliberate ending of life after the fertilization of human ovum and before birth
What is the ‘pro-choice’ approach to abortion?
An approach that favors bodily autonomy
What is ‘pro-life’ approach to abortion?
An approach that prioritizes the fetus over the parent
When was abortion made legal in the UK?
1967
Up to what week can pregnancies be terminated in the UK?
24
When can a pregnancy be terminated past 24 week?
In cases of emergency or severe disability
What is the most common reason given for abortion?
‘The continuation of the pregnancy would involve the risk, grater than that of being terminated, to the physical or mental health of the parent’
When did Aquinas believe that an embryo receives a soul?
40 days (male) or 80 days (female)
