Applied Probability and Statistics_Wrong! Flashcards
1
Q
Is the following statement true or false?
−16 ≠ (−2)4
A
False
2
Q
Display x less than or equal to 4 using interval notation.
a (−∞,4)
b (−∞,4]
c (4,∞)
d [4,∞)
A
(b): (−∞,4]
This notation shows all values of
𝑥
that are less than or equal to 4. The bracket “
3
Q
−10 belongs to which set(s) of numbers?
a) real
b) real, rational
c) real, rational, integer
d) real, rational, integer, whole
A
real, rational, integer
4
Q
√3
is a(an)
a) integer.
b) only a real number.
c) rational number.
d) whole number.
A
b) only a real number.
5
Q
−10
belongs to which set(s) of numbers?
a) real
b) real, rational
c) real, rational, integer
d) real, rational, integer, whole
A
c) real, rational, integer
−10 is a number with no decimal or fractional component and is an integer. If a number is an integer,
it is also rational, because it can be written as a fraction, and it is real, because it can be placed on a number line.
6
Q
This week, your commutes into work have taken 4, 14, 12, 17, and 8
minutes. What is an accurate estimate for the number of minutes you have spent driving?
a) 45
b) 60
c) 65
d) 70
A
b) 60
Feedback: The correct answer is b. The approximate sum is 5+15+10+20+10, which is 60 minutes.
7
Q
What number system does −2 belong to?
a) whole numbers
b) integers
c) rational numbers
d) real numbers
a) A and B
b) B and D
c) A, C, and D
d) B, C, and D
A
B, C, and D
−2
is an integer (because it does not contain a fractional or decimal component), a rational number (since it can be written as a fraction),
and a real number (because it can be placed on a number line).
8
Q
During a three-day air show, there were 17,351 people on Friday, 24,718 people on Saturday, and 33,512 people on Sunday. What was the estimate attendance for the weekend?
a) 74,000
b) 76,000
c) 78,000
d) 80,000
A
b) 76,000
The estimate number of people is 17,000+25,000+34,000, which is 76,000
9
Q
An inch is 136 of a yard. How many inches are in 12 of a yard?
A
18 ( not 18/36)
10
Q
What multiple of 7 is closest to −40?
A
-42 (negative signs beware)
11
Q
3/4 − 6/16 = 6/16 = 3/8 (Careful of breaking down fractions)
A
12
Q
4 × 8/3 = 10 2/3 (Careful with 4 x 8 is not 42. It is 24)
A
13
Q
What percent of 65 is 32? 42.2 (round your answer to the nearest tenth.) %
A
14
Q
Type in the formula you would use if you had a temperature in Fahrenheit and you wanted to convert it a temperature in Celsius:
C = (F - 32) x 5/9
F = C x 9/5 + 32
A
C = (F - 32) x 5/9
15
Q
Which of the following is the least common denominator (LCD) of 5/6and 3/12?
A
12
16
Q
Please evaluate the following expression: (Reduce your answer to its lowest terms.) −7/59÷4/34=?
a −1/10 11/71
b −78/13
c −7/34
d −5/23
A
−78/13
17
Q
If the cost of a product is $50 per 5 cubic feet (cu. ft) of volume, what is the cost of the product per cubic foot?
a) $5 to 1 cubic foot (cu. ft)
b) $10 to 1 cubic foot (cu. ft)
c) $1 to 2 cubic foot (cu. ft)
d) $50 to 1 cubic foot (cu. ft)
A
b) $10 to 1 cubic foot (cu. ft)
18
Q
How many kilograms are there in 10,000,000 micrograms?
a) 0.01
b) 10
c) 100
d) 1000
A
a) 0.01
The correct answer is a. 0.01
kilograms is equivalent to 10,000,000 micrograms:
10,000,000 mcg1×0.000001 g1 mcg×1 kg1000 g.
Cancel units and solve. 10,000,000×0.000001÷1000=1,000,000=.01 kg.
19
Q
Round 119.928 to the nearest tens. (TENS❗❗❗)
a) 110
b) 120
c) 119.9
d) 119.93
A
b) 120
The correct answer is b. The number in the tens place is a 1, and since the digit that follows is a 9, the number is rounded up to 120.
20
Q
1−2s−3t.
A
Alter the fraction to reflect a multiplication operation,
and with the new multiplication operation, we can use distributive property and simplify the expression.
Therefore, 7−14s−21t7=17⋅(7−14s−21t)=(17⋅7)+(17⋅−14s)+(17⋅21t)=1−2s−3t.
21
Q
2m - 2n is correct
A
The answer is 2m−2n. There are two instances in which the distributive property should be used. For (2m+4), imagine an invisible 1 outside the parentheses and distribute it to the terms inside the parenthesis. For −(4n+8)2, alter the fraction to reflect a multiplication operation, and use distributive property with the new multiplication operation. With all relevant terms distributed, simplify the expression by combining
like terms. Therefore, (2m+4)−(4n+8)2=1(2m+4)−12(4n+8)=2m+4−2n−4=2m−2n.
22
Q
Watch out for Aplphabet 0 LK vs and KL and most variable first
9KL + 4K is correct
A
The answer is 9KL+4K.
First, combine your like terms: 6K and −2K outside the parentheses, K and 2K inside the parentheses. 6K+3L(K+2K)−2K=4K+3L(3K). Then, multiply the 3L to the 3K inside the parentheses. Our final answer is 4K+9KL. Reverse the terms since two variables take precedence over one: 9KL+4K.
23
Q
3w - 1 is correct ❗watch the negative sign (not 3W + 1)
A
The answer is 3w−1
. First, combine like terms in the denominator. The 4.5w and the −4.5w will cancel out, and combining the constant terms gives 12−9=3. Then, alter the fraction to reflect a multiplication and distribute. Therefore, (9w−3)(4.5w+12−4.5w−9)
=(9w−3)3
=13⋅(9w−3)
=3w−1.
24
Q
17w−9=4w+19
17w−4=4w+24
A
17w−9=4w+19
17w−4=4w+24
Question 3.
yes is correct
×
The answer is yes. You can see that 5
has been added to the right side of the equation because −9 became −4. 19 became 24 on the right side of the equation, so 5 was added.
Since 5 was added to both sides of the equation, the principle of equality was upheld.
25
c23=87(w−14)+90
c23+7=87(w−14)+83
no is correct
×
The answer is no. On the left side, 7
has been added, but on the right 7 has been subtracted.
So this equation does not show the priciple of equality.
26
$377250 is correct
×
The answer is 350=v+100
. Before we can determine total revenue, we must first calculate the revenue generated by the sales to each customer based on their individual discounted price. Customer A purchased 140 units earning a 10% discount off the per unit price, so Customer A is effectively charged 90% of the price per unit. Customer B purchased 225 units earning a 15% discount off the per unit price, so Customer B is effectively charged 85% of the price per unit. Customer C purchased 60 units and based on the discount schedule, this order did not qualify Customer C for a price discount. Therefore, Customer C is charged full price.
Therefore our equation is:
R=(140×($ 1000×.90))+(225×($ 1000×.85))+(60×($ 1000))
27
39−2a=6a+13−6, a= (when subtracting -2a)
4 is correct
×
The answer is 4
. To simplify the equation above, first combine like terms.
Then, use the subtraction principle of equality to isolate a on one side of the equation to solve for its value.
39−2a=6a+13−6
39−2a=6a+7
(39−39)−2a=6a(+7−39)
−2a=6a−32
−2a−6a=6a−6a−32
−8a=−32
−8a−8=−32−8
a=4.
28
y > 2x -4
Suggested/Sample Response
y≥2x−4
29
careful of the sign switched twice
x < 1/7 is correct
×
Correct. Since x+5
is divided by 3 multiply both sides by 3:
3⋅x+53<3⋅x−7−4
x+5<3x−21−4
Multiply both sides by −4 and reverse the sign
−4(x+5)>3x−21
−4x−20>3x−21
−7x>−1
−7x−7<−1−7
x<17
30
Which of the following pairs are not like terms?
12t and 12T
31
Solve for x in the following equation:
18=6−2(x+6)
a) −12
b) −6
c) −3
d) 0
Correct Answer Un-checked a) −12
Wrong Answer Checked b) −6
Un-checked c) −3
Un-checked d) 0
Feedback: The correct answer is a. Apply the distributive property for −2
, which is 18=6−2x−12. Combine like terms on the right side of the equation, which is 18=−2x−6. Add 6 to both sides of the equation. 18+6=−2x−6+6, which is 24=−2x. Divide both sides of the equation by −2, which is 24÷−2=−2x÷−2; −12=x.
three points plotted on a coordinate plane labeld A, B, and C. A corresponds to -3 and 2; B corresponds to -3 and -3; C corresponds to 3 and -1;
32
Careful of answer - (wrong coordinates 0-duh!)
Correct Answer Un-checked a) (−2,−3)
Wrong Answer Checked b) (−3,−2)
Un-checked c) (−2,3)
Un-checked d) (−3,2)
33
ab−ac+a
when a=2, b=−1, c=−3
c) 6
Feedback: The correct answer is c. Replace a with 2
, b with −1, and c with −3 in the expression, then perform the operations. 2−1−2(−3)+2=−2+6+2=4+2=6.
34
Identify the number of terms and the coefficient for the x term in the expression:
−2x+8
a) Terms: 1; Coefficient: −2
b) Terms: 1; Coefficient: 8
c) Terms: 2; Coefficient: −2
d) Terms: 2; Coefficient: 8
c) Terms: 2
; Coefficient: −2
35
Solve for d:
d÷2=−14
a) d=−7
b) d=−28
c) d=−12
d) d=7
(your incorrect answer) a) d=−7
Incorrect.
The correct answer is b. In order to solve for d
, we must alter the equation so that it's by itself. The first step is multiplying both sides of the equation by 2 to eliminate the ÷2 on the left side. The equation then reads d=−14⋅2, so d=−28
b) d=−28
c) d=−12
d) d=7
36
I got this right - just wanted to take notes
I Would summarizing this data with a measure of center be a good choice? If yes,
please state which measure you would use and why. If no, please rationalize your answer.
Your response
No. This graph has a bimodal distribution. The most serious tasks out number ever other task except
the least serious problem. That being said, it would not be ideal to find the center because the
center is not the most important task at this time.
Suggested/Sample Response
The mean? No, not a good choice. The median? No, not a good choice. The mode? No, not a good choice.
I wouldn't try to summarize the data with a measure of center. A good choice: The data is better seen on
a graph to illustrate the unusual pattern.
Often referred to as U-shaped, it has peaks at 1 and 7. This is a special case of bimodal data.
No. This graph has a bimodal distribution. The most serious tasks out number ever other task except
the least serious problem. That being said, it would not be ideal to find the center because the
center is not the most important task at this time.
Suggested/Sample Response
The mean? No, not a good choice. The median? No, not a good choice. The mode? No, not a good choice.
I wouldn't try to summarize the data with a measure of center. A good choice: The data is better seen on
a graph to illustrate the unusual pattern.
Often referred to as U-shaped, it has peaks at 1 and 7. This is a special case of bimodal data.
37
What the signs, subtract from IQR
What is the value below which any data values are outliers?
25 is correct
×
Correct. Outliers are defined as any points that are more than 1.5×
IQR above Q3 or below Q1. To find the value below which any data values are outliers,
multiply the interquartile range
(IQR) by 1.5. (IQR) ×1.5=52×1.5=78. Subtract 78 from the first quartile =(Q1)−78=103−78=25.
38
I got this but look out for IQR
3. The average female height in the U.S. in 2010 was 63.8 inches, with a standard deviation of 2.7 inches.
Assuming a normal distribution:
^
95% of the data is between what values? Enter the letter that corresponds with your answer choice.
55.8
inches and 62.9
inches
55.8
inches and 69.2
inches
58.4
inches and 69.2
inches
58.4
inches and 62.9 inches
C is correct
×
Correct. The key to solving this problem is using what we know from the Standard Deviation Rule, specifically that 95%
of the data will fall between 2 standard deviations from the mean. Since we know that the standard deviation is 2.7 inches,
we can calculate that 2 standard deviations is equal to 5.4 inches (2.7×2). Now knowing this value,
we can determine the values that 95% of the data will fall between. To obtain the first value, we will subtract
5.4 inches from the mean: 63.8 inches − 5.4 inches = 58.4. To obtain the second value we will add 5.4 inches to the mean: 63.8 inches + 5.4 inches = 69.2 inches.
Therefore, 95% of the data will fall between 58.4 inches and 69.2 inches.
39
68 % is correct
×
Correct.These two values, 61.1
and 66.5 inches, are values that represent one standard deviation below and one standard deviation above the mean.
Using the Standard Deviation Rule,
we know that 68% of the data falls between one standard deviation from the mean. Therefore, the answer is 68%.
40
I missed the % for standard deviation
4. Suppose that ArriveOnTime Airlines reports the average on-time ratings for all flights in their network is 98.6 and the standard deviation is 0.6
. Assuming a normal distribution:
a. What percent of ArriveOnTime Airlines' flights will fall within one standard deviation of the mean?
Question 14. %
b. What percent of the flights would you expect to have an on-time rating below 96.8
?
.15 % is correct
×
Correct. 96.8
is 1.8 lower than the mean on time rating of 98.6. (98.6−96.8=1.8). We know that the standard deviation is .6,
so dividing the difference of on time rating of 1.8 by .6, we get a value of 3. This tells us that 96.8 is three standard deviations lower than the mean. Using the Standard Deviation Rule, we know that 0.15% of a population falls below three standard deviations from the mean. Therefore,
the percent of the flights that we would expect to have an on time rating below 96.8 is 0.15%.
41
I had to add these two to get the Q2
1) Find the second quartile (Q2
) for the following data set:
{41, 76, 16, 8}
a) 14
b) 16
(your correct answer) c) 28.5
Correct.
The correct answer is c. Q2
, also known as the median, is the midpoint of the data set. Here, with an even number of values, Q2 falls midway between 16 and 41, which is 28.5
.
d) 58.5
42
I did not break this into quartiles
6) Identify the five-number summary for the following data set:
{ 10, 50, 14, 49, 81}
a) 10,12,49,65.5,81
tep-by-Step Calculation:
Sort the Data: {10, 14, 49, 50, 81}
Minimum: 10
Median: The middle value is 49 (3rd value in the sorted list)
First Quartile (Q1): The median of {10, 14} is 12.
Third Quartile (Q3): The median of {50, 81} is 65.5.
Maximum: 81
43
know mode better
4. Mode is a measurement not often affected by outliers. True or False?
a. True
Correct. This is a true statement. Mode measures the most frequent value in a data set. A significant outlier would not necessarily affect the mode of a data set.
b. False
Incorrect. Try again
44
The was find the average (mean)
1) Find the mean of the following data set:
69, 2, 7, 10, 28, 21, 16, 40, 86
(your incorrect answer) a) 21
Incorrect.
The correct answer is b. (69+2+7+10+28+21+16+40+86)÷9=279279÷9=31
b) 31
c) 44
d) 86
45
Trick question "lasted less"
2. Based on the following box plot, what percent of initial client consultations last less than 70 minutes?
46
The is was quartile for that means 25%
3. Based on the box plot below, approximately what percent of salespeople represented in this data set have a total first quarter sales level less than 120?
c. 25%
Click here to select this answer
Correct. Looking at the box plot, Q1
is approximately 120. As we know 25% of the data falls below Q1, we can determine that 25% of the salespeople
represented in this data set will have a total first quarter sales level below 120.
47
Read these carefully - Medium to Maximum
5. Based on the box plot below, what percent of the data falls between 83 and 88?
b. 50%
Click here to select this answer
Correct. We know that 50%
of the data represented in a box plot falls between the median and the maximum value.
In this box plot, 83 is the median and 88 is the maximum value. Therefore, 50% of the data values fall between these two values.
48
A 3-year longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the approval ratings for the mayor of New City among registered voters.
In 2014 among 86,748 registered voters surveyed, 58,593 gave the mayor a favorable rating.
In 2015 among 82,523 registered voters surveyed, 52,931 gave the mayor a favorable rating.
In 2016 among 84,169 registered voters surveyed, 55,475
gave the mayor a favorable rating.
1. What type of variable is in this study?
Categorical
Quantitative
Cannot be determined
Categorical
49
Case Study
To solve this problem, we will work in steps.
Step 1: convert the net margin from percent to decimal.
The net margin in decimal form is:
Your response
.475
Suggested/Sample Response
The answer is 0.475
.
Since the net margin is given as a percent rather than as a decimal, we begin with converting it to a decimal.
Remember that to convert a percent to a decimal, you simply divide it by 100 to get 0.475
.
Step 2: set up an equation.
Next, we need to set up an equation. For this, remember that the net income and the net margin are defined as follows:
Net Income=Revenue−(Salaries and Benefits+Cost of Supplies+Other Expenses)
Net Margin=Net Income÷Revenue
Using the variable M
for the net margin and the other variable letters provided previously, we can rewrite these equations using variables:
N=R−(x+y+a)M=N÷R
In the above equations, we know the values for R
, x, y, and M, and we need to find a. We do not know the value for N, the net income, but we can substitute its equivalent expression from the first equation into the second equation. In other words, since we know that N equals R−(x+y+a), we can take its equivalent expression R−(x+y+a) and substitute it for N in the second equation M=N÷R
.
This gives the following new equation (fill in the missing variable letter):
M=N÷R=(R−(x+y+a))÷
________?
Your response
R
Suggested/Sample Response
The answer is R
.
After substituting (R−(x+y+a)), the expression is:
M=N÷R=(R−(x+y+a))÷R
Step 3: substitute known values
We can now substitute the variables with their known values, distribute the negative sign before the parentheses, and combine like terms using the following formula:
M=(R−(x+y+a))÷R
Please enter the equation substituting for known variables in the box below.
Your response
RM = -Rx + Ry + Ra
Suggested/Sample Response
The answer is:
0.475=(60,000,000−(15,500,000+8,500,000+a))÷60,000,000
.
Remember to use the decimal form of 47.5%.
Substitute:
60,000,000 for R
15,500,000 for x
8,500,000 for y.
The resulting equation is:
0.475=(60,000,000−(15,500,000+8,500,000+a))÷60,000,000
.
Step 4: solve the equation
Now, we can use the multiplication principle of equality to multiply both sides by $60,000,000
and simplify, then use the subtraction principle of equality to isolate on one side of the equation: (Do not enter the $ sign in your answer.)
Your response
249000000
Suggested/Sample Response
The answer is 7,500,000
.
0.475⋅$60,000,000=($36,000,000−a)÷$60,000,000⋅$60,000,000
Multiply $60,000,000 by 0.475; The $60,000,000 cancel each other out, so the equation now becomes:
$28,500,000=$36,000,000−a
Subtract $36,000,000 from both sides to isolate the variable:
$28,500,000−($36,000,000)=$36,000,000−a−($36,000,000)
The equation now becomes:
−$7,500,000=−a
Finally, multiply both sides by −1 to find the value of positive a:
a=$7,500,000
50
A 3-year longitudinal study was conducted to investigate the approval ratings for the mayor of New City among registered voters.
In 2014 among 86,748 registered voters surveyed, 58,593 gave the mayor a favorable rating.
In 2015 among 82,523 registered voters surveyed, 52,931 gave the mayor a favorable rating.
In 2016 among 84,169 registered voters surveyed, 55,475
gave the mayor a favorable rating.
2. What type of chart(s) would be best to display this data?
A bar chart
A stem plot
Either a or b
None of the Above
a is correct
×
The answer is a. A bar chart would be good choice because the data to display is categorical.
Me:Wait I though bar charts are quantitative?
Copilot:While bar charts are typically used for categorical data, they can be used for quantitative data in certain contexts. For example, if you want to compare discrete quantities of different categories, like the number of sales in different months, a bar chart can be useful. However, if you're dealing with continuous quantitative data, line charts or histograms might be more appropriate.
51
A market research study asked people how much income their family makes each month. The results were summarized in the table below:
Household Monthly Income Frequency
Less than $ 2,000
6
$ 2,001 to $ 3,000
16
$ 3,001 to $ 4,000
22
$ 4,001 to $ 5,000
18
$ 5,001to $ 6,000
16
$ 6,001 to $ 7,000
5
Greater than $ 7,001
5
3. What type of variable is in this study?
Categorical
Quantitative
Cannot be determined
b is correct
×
The answer is b. A histogram is a graphical display that displays continuous data such as provided in the table.
Quantitative
Me: This not a pies chart or a bar chart
Copilot: bar chart???
52
5. A study was conducted on the number of attendees each day at the state fair.
You are asked to recommend a method for displaying the data graphically so that the shape of the data can be seen,
and each data value is also visible. What would be the best choice among the following? (Enter the letter that corresponds
with your choice.)
a. Bar chart
b. Histogram
c. Scatterplot
d. Stem plot
Stem Plot
Stem plot is the best choice as these types of graphs show the shape of a data set and each data value.
Copilot: A stem plot (or stem-and-leaf plot) is a method that allows you to see the shape of the data distribution while preserving the actual data values. Each value is divided into a "stem" (the leading digit(s)) and a "leaf" (the last digit). This makes it easy to see the overall distribution and patterns in the data.
53
You are a professional trainer at a local sports academy. You ask your athletes to determine the number of grams of protein they consume for a particular meal. Which of the following would be the best choice to illustrate the shape of the data you collect?
a) Bar chart
b) Pie chart
c) Box plot
d) None of the above
Box plot
Feedback: The correct answer is c. As the data you are collecting is quantitative data,
from the choices below a box plot would be your best choice to illustrate the shape of the data.
54
Use the pie chart to answer the following question.
If 200 people are surveyed, how many claim to have had no exercise? Pie chart reflecting the average number of hours exercised per week. No exercise 36%, 1 - 2 hours 28%, 3 - 4 hours 12%, 4 - 5 hours 10%, 5 - 6 hours 8%, 6 - 7 hours 4%, more than 7 hours 2%.
a) 18
b) 36
c) 72
d) Cannot determine
Feedback: The correct answer is c. 200×0.36=72
c) 72
Feedback: The correct answer is c. 200×0.36=72
55
Range is equal to the difference between the minimum and maximum value in a given measurable set
Determine the range for the following data set. {1,24,26,28,32,36,38,40,65}
a) 1 to 65
b) 64
c) 65
d) Cannot determine
Feedback: The correct answer is b. Range is equal to the difference between the minimum and maximum value in a given measurable set. The maximum value of this set is 65. The minimum value is 1. Therefore, range for this data set is 64.
b) 64
56
Number of Pop Tarts in a box
Weight of each Pop Tart
Number of calories per flavor
Cost of a single Pop Tart
Time to toast a Pop Tart
Quantitative Data
57
Flavors (e.g., Strawberry, Blueberry)
Frosting types (e.g., Frosted, Unfrosted, sprinkes)
Filling types (e.g., Jam, Chocolate)
Packaging colors (e.g., Blue, Red)
Special editions (e.g., Holiday-themed)
Qualitative(Categorical) Data
58
What would be the best type of graph to use to display the age of all employees in a particular division in a company?
a) Bar chart
b) Histogram
c) Scatterplot
d) Pie chart
b) Histogram
Feedback: The correct answer is b. This is quantitative data that will be grouped into ranges or bins. Therefore, a histogram is the best choice to display this data.
59
Bar chart -
Vertical---> info Ice creams 0 -70
hiorizontal --> Mond + 70 , Tues + 68 , Wed= 55 Thrus 40, Fri, ssat, sun ect,.
Bar Chart reflecting the average number of ice creams sold on each day of the week. Mon. 70, Tue between 60 and 70, Wed. between 50 and 60, Thur. between 40 and 50, Fri. between 60 and 70, Sat between 30 and 40, Sun. 30.
What type of data is presented in this chart?
a) Categorical
b) Quantitative
c) Numerical
d) Both b and c
a) Categorical
Feedback: The correct answer is a. This data is categorical as it is grouped into categories. (ie. days of the week).
60
More on deviation
On average, Lightning Communications delivers to their customers, high-speed Internet connections of 70 Mbps, with a standard deviation of 12 Mbps. About what percentage of customers will experience a network speed between 70.0 Mbps and 94.0
Mbps? Assume a normal distribution.
a) 68%
b) 34%
c) 47.5%
d) 49.85%
c) 47.5%
Feedback: The correct answer is c. The Standard Deviation Rule says that 95%
of the values will fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean. Since we are looking for the amount that falls 2 standard deviations above the mean,
we can divide this number in half to find the percentage. Therefore, 47.5% will fall within 2 standard deviations above the mean.
61
How are the mean and median of a sample related if the distribution is negatively skewed?
a) The mean is greater than the median.
b) The mean is less than the median.
c) They are equal.
d) Cannot be determined
b) The mean is less than the median.
Feedback: The correct answer is b. When the distribution is negatively skewed, the mean is less than the median.
62
You surveyed 50 IT analysts in the Boston area to determine at which tech firm they are employed. What type of graph would be best to use to display this data?
a) Bar graph
b) Pie chart
c) Histogram
d) Dot plot
a) Bar graph
Feedback: The correct answer is a. Bar graph. While pie charts are used for categorical data,
a bar graph is a better choice since the entire population of IT analysts in Boston has not been surveyed.
The best way to display a large quantitative data set is a histogram.
63
another standard deviation one
The mean salary of an entry-level financial analyst in Anytown is $ 65,300 and the standard deviation is $ 11,300. What values would 95%
of the data fall between? Assume a normal distribution.
a) $ 47,200 and $ 89,700
b) $ 42,200 and $ 86,000
c) $ 42,700 and $ 87,900
c) $ 42,700
The answer is c. Use the Empirical Rule to determine that 95%
of the starting salary values will be within two standard deviations of the mean.
Therefore, the upper limit will be:
65,300+2(11,300)=65,300+22,600=87,900
And the lower limit will be:
65,300−2(11,300)=65,300−22,600=42,700
Therefore, 95%
of the salary levels will be between $ 42,700 and $ 87,900.
64
Which of the following would be the best option to graphically display continuous data?
a) Bar Chart
b) Histogram
c) Pie Chart
d) Box Plot
The answer is b. A histogram is a graph that displays continuous data. Histograms measure how
continuous data is distributed over various ranges.
65
About 95 percent of results in a normal distribution fall between one standard deviation below the mean and one standard deviation above the mean. True or False?
a) True
b) False
The answer is b. This is a false statement. According to The Empirical Rule, approximately 68%
of the data points in a dataset will be within 1 standard deviation of the mean. 95% of all values are within 2 standard deviations of the mean.
66
Another standard deviation one
8) Which of the following best describes a measure of spread?
a) Day of the week with the most librarians on staff at BMC Library.
b) The average number of books on a bookshelf in the Reference section of the library of a random sample of 15 bookshelves.
c) Number of books put on reserve by library patrons in 2014
d) Range of pages for volumes in an Encyclopedia complete volume set.
d) Range of pages for volumes in an Encyclopedia complete volume set.
Range is one example of a measure of spread.
67
Know explanatory vs response variable
Outside Connection Type
Safe Connection Suspicious Connection
Server Type:Web Server 60 23
Server Type:Email Server 67 6
3. Name the explanatory variable.
Server Type is the explanatory variable.
68
Which variable, explanatory or response, is displayed on the x-axis on side-by-side boxplots?
Side-by-side boxplots can be horizontal or vertical, so either variable (explanatory or response) can be displayed on the x-axis.
69
10. A network security firm is hired by a small finance company to perform comprehensive information security services. As part of the service, the security manager analyzes the network security settings versus the login errors received from illegitimate users. The security manager is interested in deciphering the relationship between the network segment's security level (safe or unsafe) and the number of illegitimate user login errors. For this analysis: (for the following questions enter the letter that corresponds with your answer)
a. Which of the following is the explanatory variable?
Network segment
Network security level
Illegitimate user login errors
Network encryption
The explanatory variable is network encryption.
70
In a two-way table, which best describes the sum of all of the joint frequencies?
a) The total number of individuals in the study.
b) The marginal frequency.
c) The correlation coefficient (r).
d) The total number of individuals in the treatment group.
a) The total number of individuals in the study.
The correct answer is a. In a two-way table, the sum of all of the joint frequencies is equal to the total number of individuals in the study.
Joint frequencies total number of individual in study
71
Categorical vs Qualitative again
When can two-way tables be used?
a) When both the explanatory and response variables are quantitative.
b) When both the explanatory and response variables are categorical.
c) When one variable is categorical and the other variable is quantitative.
d) Two-way tables are used regardless of whether the variables are categorical or quantitative.
b) When both the explanatory and response variables are categorical.
The correct answer is B. Two-way tables are used when both the explanatory and response variables are categorical.
72
7. True or False? A scatterplot always shows the explanatory variable on the horizontal, or x-axis.
a. True
b. False
A is correct
×
Correct. This is a true statement. A scatterplot always shows the explanatory variable on the horizontal, or x-axis.
73
Know your terms " Strong"
Negative Linear Correlation
Suggested/Sample Response
The overall pattern is moderately strong, negative, and linear.
74
Describe the form of the relationship; is it linear, curvilinear, or is there no association? Please type in the response that corresponds with your answer.
Question 5.
Outlier made this liner
75
8. How strong is the relationship? Is it weak, moderate, or strong? Please type in the response that corresponds with your answer.
76
Both variable measure quantitative data
77
1. CableNow, an Internet and cable TV provider company, is conducting a customer satisfaction survey on TV cable installation services. The company sends an email to all customers with a link to the survey and an offer to receive a discount on the next month's bill.
Based on the information given, is there any potential bias in this study?
a. Yes, because the sampling frame does not match the intended population.
Correct. The answer is a. The company sent out a survey to all customers,
including those who did NOT receive the service. Therefore, the sampling frame is not
representative of the intended population — the customers who recently received installation services.
The sampling method (voluntary) may also be a cause of bias because portions of the intended population
may not be represented.
78
What can be inferred from the data in the number of units produced vs. production costs?
a) There is a causal relationship between the number of units produced and production costs.
b) There is a negative association between the number of units produced and production costs.
c) There is no association between the number of units produced and production costs.
d) There is a positive association between the number of units produced and production costs.
d is correct
×
The answer is d. From the scatterplot, it can be determined that there is a positive association between the number of units produced and costs.
It cannot be determined if there is a causal relationship between the number of units produced and costs.
I answered Causal relationship
79
Based on the information in this scatterplot, a lower household income causes a higher incidence of homicide. True or false?
This is a false statement. We cannot conclude causation from a scatterplot alone. We would need to confirm that the data was generated from a well-designed experiment.
80
No. Simplson's Paradox can ocur
False is correct
×
This statement is false. When Simpson's Paradox occurs, a trend that appears in groups of data disappears once the groups are combined
No. Simplson's Paradox can occur
False is correct
×
This statement is false. When Simpson's Paradox occurs, a trend that appears in groups of data disappears once the groups are combined
81
Consider the data in the table above. Will a Simpson's Paradox be evident, with respect to the relative acceptance rates of males and females? Why or why not?
a) No, because there are an equal number of applicants for each College.
b) Yes, because there are different numbers of applicants for each College.
c) Yes, because the acceptance rates were different for each College.
d) Cannot be determined given this information.
I answered yes...different number of applicants
a is correct
×
The answer is a. No, because the trend that females have a greater acceptance rate at each of the Colleges remains
when the overall acceptance rate for all of the Colleges is calculated, we do not see Simpson's Paradox occurring here.
This was expected because an equal number of male and female applicants are in each group.
82
I just like this one >>.
10. Overall we identified that Prep Course A is more effective than Prep Course B at preparing students to pass the certification exam. What lurking variable would make you question this result?
No Simpson's paradox is evident, therefore there is no lurking variable
The students taking Prep Course A in Cohort 1
The people taking Prep Course B in Cohort 1
Which cohort a student was in
-
d is correct
×
The answer is d. Considering which cohort a student was in would lead you to conclude that Prep Course B was more effective
than Prep Course A. As a result,
this is the lurking variable associated with Simpson's paradox in this case.
83
Response vs Explanatory
5. How does net profit margin depend on price?
Explanatory
84
Complete the following sentence. Regression analysis is used to _________________.
calculate the probability that an event will occur.
determine if there is an association between two or more variables.
predict future values based on known values.
determine a cause and effect relationship between two or more values.
c is correct
×
The answer is c. Regression is used to describe a trend or predict future values based on known values.
I answered every option
85
Answer two wrong - better understand this Module 6: Correlation & Regression
From the scatterplot below, if the trend line would be extended indefinitely, it would correspond with a factory production capacity in excess of 100
%. What pitfall in regression analysis is evident in this chart?
A graph that illustrates the effect of units produced on a factory's production capacity. The points on the scatterplot and the line of best fit move slightly up and to the right.
a) Inappropriate Extrapolation
b)Association is Not Causation
c) Not a Representative Sample
d) Small Sample Size
a is correct
×
The answer is a. It is obvious that the production capacity of a factory can not exceed 100%,
so therefore it would be inappropriate to extrapolate beyond this range.
This analysis suffers from inappropriate extrapolation.
86
Go this right just compare above
6. Analysis of the scatterplot below suggests that as the price of gas per gallon increased, presidential approval rating decreased.
What problem in regression is evident in this analysis?
b is correct
×
The answer is b. This analysis is obviously missing a lurking variable which, in this case,
might be party affiliation or other actions and decisions made by the president.
It is nonsense to try to estimate the approval rating for a president based on the price per gallon of gas alone.
Therefore, the association is not a causation.
87
Answered Random Missing Data
9. What factor is most important to obtain a correct conclusion when performing regression analysis?
The answer is b. The greater the sample size, the more likely you are to come to a correct conclusion.
88
(3 wrong on this one - orig. answ. obtain new sample)
Through what method can you identify if missing data is skewing the results of the study?
a) Obtain basic statistics for the entire population and compare those with the sample being studied.
b Perform regression analysis for every subgroup of the sample being studied.
c) Obtain a new sample of study subjects and compare the results with the original sample.
d) Reduce the sample size to ensure less variation across the study population.
a is correct
×
The answer is a. While it is difficult to identify if missing data is skewing the results of the study,
one approach is to obtain basic statistics for the entire population and compare those with the sample being studied
89
Not make sense to use scatterplot shit!!
4) Continuing with the Anytown Power Co. example, from Question 2 and 3:
Anytown Power Co. is looking at the relationship between the daily high temperature in Anytown and the increase in power demand. The following graph shows this relationship:
How would you use this scatterplot to predict the increase in power demand in Anytown that would occur on a 35-degree day?
a) Using the regression equation, you would plug in the temperature (35) for x.
b) It would not make sense to use this scatterplot, as that would be inappropriate extrapolation beyond the range of study.
c) Take the percentage increase in power demand on a 70-degree day, and divide this total by 2
d) Using the regression equation, you would plug in the temperature (35) for y.
The correct answer is b. It would not make sense to use this scatterplot to predict the increase in power demand in Anytown that would occur on a 35
-degree day, as that would be inappropriate extrapolation beyond the range of the data in this graph.
90
You need to study this page " 6.08 Potential Problems in Regression Analysi"
91
Nope
1) Which of the following needs to be true to perform a linear regression analysis?
a) All points need to fall exactly on the regression line.
b) There needs to be a causal relationship between the two variables.
c) There needs to be a linear relationship between the two variables.
d) None of the above.
The correct answer is c. To perform a linear regression analysis, there needs to be a linear relationship between the two variables. Otherwise, there can be no effective "line of best fit" to model the relationship.
92
A strong correlation always explains a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables. True or False?
b is correct
×
This statement is false. A correlation does not prove that one variable causes another.
It is possible that both of the variables in question are affected by some other factor,
or that one variable is a subset of the other.
93
In addition to measuring linear relationships, the correlation coefficient can be used to measure curvilinear and parabolic relationships.
True or False?
This statement is false. The correlation coefficient measures if two variables have a linear relationship with one another.
94
Estimate the correlation coefficient for the scatterplot in question #5.
−0.92
−0.1
0.5
0.92
a is correct
×
The answer is a. Weak correlations have correlation coefficients close to 0
. Because this is a strong negative correlation, the correlation coefficient is negative and close to −1, so it can be estimated to be around −0.92.
close no cigar
95
T more blob-y and up to the right
Which of the following scatterplots is most likely to have a correlation coefficient of 0.4:
The correct answer is a. This scatterplot shows a positive, moderate correlation, that might have a correlation coefficient of 0.4.
96
For adults aged 20 and older, running speed and age have a negative correlation. Which of the following best describes the relationship between these two measures?
a) Older people run slower.
b) Younger people run faster.
c) As age increases, the speed at which someone runs decreases.
d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
all of the above blah
The correct answer is d. All of the above. All of these statements are true because there is a negative correlation between these two variables.
97
If a hypothesis test yields a result that 85% of the results did not occur by chance, what is the p
-value of this study?
a.) 0.08
b.)0.15
c.)0.58
d.)0.85
b is correct
×
If 85%
of results did not occur by chance, therefore, 15% of the results occurred by chance and the p-value for this study is 0.15.
98
An event with a probability of 9/20 .
b is correct
×
The answer is as likely as unlikely. 9/20=0.45
, which means the event is as likely as unlikely.
99
An experiment is the procedure to test the occurrence of an event.
True or False?
b. False
Correct. This is a false statement. An experiment is the procedure for which the probability of an event is calculated.
100
You examine the number of times a player hit a home run this season, divided by the number of at-bats the player had. What is this an example of?
a) Theoretical Probability
b) Empirical Probability
c) The Law of Large Numbers
d) All of the above
b) Empirical Probability
The answer is b. We are using the number of times an event occurred to estimate the probability, therefore this is an example of empirical probability.
101
What is the size of the sample space for flipping 3 coins?
Heads, Heads, Heads
Heads, Heads, Tails
Heads, Tails, Heads
Heads, Tails, Tails
Tails, Tails, Tails
Tails, Tails, Heads
Tails, Heads, Tails
Tails, Heads, Heads
8 is correct
×
The answer is 8
. From the list constructed below, there are 8 outcomes.
102
What is the probability of an even number and tails?1/4
1/4
103
What is the probability of a number greater than or equal to 8?
3/10
104
What is the probability that you do NOT win both rounds of rocks-paper-scissors-shoot?
a) 1/4
b) 1/2
c) 3/4
d) 1
The answer is c. There are four equally likely outcomes. Three of those outcomes do NOT involve you winning both rounds. Therefore, the probability is 3/4
Read the questions
105
What is the probability that a 10-sided fair die shows a multiple of 3 or 10?
The answer is 25. There are 3 multiples of 3 (3, 6, 9) and one value of 10. The probability is 310+110=410=25 .
106
Out of class 20 students, what is the probability that you or your 3 friends are picked first?
1/5
READ THE QUESTION " YOU AND FRIENDS"
107
Out of class 20 students, what is the probability that you or your 3 friends are picked first?
Independent or Dependent?
Dependent
108
Out of class 20 students, what is the probability that you or your 3 friends are picked first?
Independent or Dependent?
Dependent
109
The probability of getting lung cancer given a history of smoking.
Independent or Dependent?
Dependent
110
The probability of flipping a coin and getting three heads in a row, given an initial flip of heads.
Independent or Dependent?
Dependent
111
Relative frequency helps determine if an event is independent. True or False?
a. True
b. False
a. True
Correct. This is a true statement. The relative frequency is related to the independence of events.
112
Rolling a 6 on the first roll and rolling a 6 on the second roll.
Rolling a 6 on the first roll and rolling a 6 on the second roll
Independent or Dependent?
Independent
113
If the first card drawn is red and not put back into the deck, then what is the probability the second card drawn is also red?
25/51
114
There are 52 cards in a deck of cards.
If the first card drawn is a heart and not returned to the deck, then what is the probability the second card drawn is also a heart?
4/17
115
Which of the following formulas should be used to solve for P(B|A)?
P(B|A)=P(A)×P(B)
P(B|A)=P(A)+P(B)
P(B|A)=P(A and B)×P(A)
P(B∣∣∣A)=P(A and B)P(A)
The formula for conditional probability is P(B∣∣A)=P(A and B)P(A)
116
What is conditional probability?
Correct. The answer is c. Conditional probability is the probability of an event occurring given that another event has already occurred.
117
For dependent events, the probability of B is always equal to the probability of B, given A. True or False?
b. False
Correct. For dependent events, the probability of B
is not equal to the probability of B, given A.
118
Getting a toy lawnmower and a green item,
using P(B|A)=P(B).
Independent or Dependent?
independent is correct
×
The answer is independent. Let A=
getting a toy lawnmower. Let B= getting a green item. There are two lawnmowers,
and one of them is green. Therefore, P(B∣∣A)=12.
Meanwhile, the probability of choosing a green item is 12=6112.
Therefore, P(B|A)=P(B). According to this formula, the events are independent.
119
Getting a toy lawnmower and a brown item,
using P(B|A)=P(B).
Independent or Dependent?
dependent is correct
×
The answer is dependent. Let A=
getting a toy lawnmower and B= getting a brown item. There are two lawnmowers, and one of them is brown. Therefore, P(B∣∣A)=12.
Meanwhile, the probability of choosing a brown item is 412=13. Since P(B|A)≠P(B), the events are dependent.
120
Getting a beach ball and a green item,
using P(A and B)=P(A)×P(B).
Independent or Dependent?
independent is correct
×
The answer is independent. Let A = getting a beach ball. Let B = getting a green item. P(A and B) = 112 since there are 12 items and only 1 green beach ball. P(A) = 212 = 16. P(B) = 612 = 12. P(A) x P(B) = 16 x 12 = 112. Since P(A and B)=P(A)×P(B)
, the events are independent according to this formula.
2/12 is 0ne 6th
121
10. Getting a hockey stick and a red item,
using P(B|A)=P(B|not A).
Independent or Dependent?
independent is correct
×
The answer is independent. Let A=
getting a hockey stick and let B= getting a red item. P(B|A)=0 since there is only one hockey stick and it isn't red. P(B|not A)=0,
as there are 11 non-hockey stick items, and none of them are red. Since 0=0, the events are independent.
122
1. The probability of two independent events both occurring is P(A)+P(B). True or False?
Correct. This is a false statement. The probability of 2 independent events both occurring is P(A)×P(B).
(guessed)
123
2. Which statement does not belong for two independent events?
b. P(A|B)=P(B)
Correct. The answer is b. The correct statement is P(A|B)=P(A)
(guessed)
124
The probability of the union of two dependent events is P(A)+P(B|A).
True or False?
Correct. This is a false statement. The probability is P(A)+P(B)−P(A
and B).
guessed
125
Independence can be determined from any of the four given statements below:
P(A and B)=P(A)⋅P(B)
P(A|B)=P(A)
P(B|A)=P(B)
P(B|A)=P(B|not A)
True or False?
a. True
Correct. This is a true statement. Any of the four cases determine if the two events are independent
126
5) A and B are independent events. P(A)=0.3 and P(B)=0.8. Calculate P(A|B)
a) 0.24
b) 0.3
c) 0.8
d) 1.1
b) 0.3
P(A|B)=P(A)=0.3
127
A game has a 10-sided fair die. What is the probability of rolling an even number or a number less than 5?
a) 1/10
b) 3/10
c) 7/10
d) 9/10
c) 7/10
Feedback: The correct answer is c. The probability of an even number is 5/10 and rolling a number less than 5 is 4/10. There are 2 values that are even and less than 5 (2 and 4). The probability is 5/10+4/10−2/10=7/10
70%
128
(Interested)
Four cards are chosen from a deck of 52 cards with replacement. A deck contains 13 cards each of spades, hearts, diamonds, and clubs. What is the probability that each of the four cards is a diamond?
a) 116
b) 1256
c) 128,561
d) 1456,976
b) 1256
The probability of one diamond is 1352 or 14.
Since there are 4 cards drawn, the probability is multiplied 4 times. Therefore,
(14)(14)(14)(14)=1256
129
(Should have counted)
What is the sample size for choosing an odd number between 1
and 75, including the numbers 1 and 75?
a) 37
b) 38
c) 39
d) 40
b) 38
The odd numbers are 1, 3, 5, etc., up to 75. There are 38 odd numbers in the sample space, and the sample size is equal to 38.
130
Use the diagram below to answer the following question. Venn diagram. Intersecting circles labeled A and B. Circle A is blue, Circle B is red.
There are high school students that are in sports (A) and in band (B). What does A and not B represent?
a) Sports only
b) Band only
c) Both sports and band
d) Neither sports nor band.
a) Sports only
A and not B means only in sports and not in band. Therefore, the students are only in sport
131
There are black, blue, and white marbles in a bag. Two marbles are drawn, one after another, without replacement. The probability the first marble is black is 0.36. The probability the first marble is black and the second is white is 0.27.
To the nearest hundredth, what is the probability of the second marble being white if the first marble chosen is black?
a) 0.27
b) 0.39
c) 0.75
d) 0.86
c) 0.75
Use P(B∣∣∣A)=P(A and B)P(A).
The probability of black and white is divided by the probability of black. Therefore,
0.270.36=
132
A survey on favorite pizza topping was given:
33% said cheese was their favorite topping, 25% said pepperoni, 15% said sausage, and 27% said other. If two people are picked at random and replaced, what is the probability of picking two people that like cheese? Round your answer to a whole number.
a) 0%
b) 11%
c) 33%
d) 66%
11%
Feedback: The correct answer is b. The probability is 0.33
for cheese. Since there are 2 people, the probability is multiplied twice. Therefore, (0.33)(0.33)=0.1089=11%
133
There are 10 blue, 10 red, and 10 green labels in a bag. The labels are drawn from the bag and not replaced. What is the probability of drawing a blue first, and not blue second to the nearest percent?
a) 22%
b) 23%
c) 32%
d) 33%
b) 23%
The probability of blue is fraction begin. 1030
or 13. The probability for not blue second is 2029. The probabilities are multiplied together. Therefore, (13)(2029)=0.2298=0.23=23%
134
(Can be determined)
A sample space consists of 3 disjoint events. If one has a probability of 12 and another has a probability of 13, what is the probability of the third event?
1/6
135
(Just did not follow thru)
There are 4 yellow and 6 red balloons in a bunch that an employee is handing out to children coming into a store. If the balloons are chosen randomly, what is the probability that the next two children are given yellow balloons?
.13 ?
136
Flipping a coin and getting "heads" does not mean you are more likely to flip a "tails" on the next coin toss. What property of these two events makes this fact true?
The correct answer is d.
Two events that are independent means that the first event does not affect the outcome or probability of the second
137
If tomorrow there is a 40% chance of rain and a 60% chance the Red Sox (the Major League Baseball team from Boston) will lose, what is the probability that a Bostonian watches a game in the rain in which the hometown team loses?
(Assume that the rain does not influence the outcome of the game)
The correct answer is d. A and B are independent events.
P(A and B) = P(A) x P(B) = .40 x .60 = .24, or 24%.
138
(This one uses the add decimal then subtract multiple method)
If there is an 80% chance that her best friend will call her and a 35% chance her boyfriend will call her, what is the probability that Sheri receives a call from at least one of these 2 people?
(Assume that getting one call does not change the likelihood of a second call)
The correct answer is c.
This is an "or" probability problem.
P(best friend calling) + P(boyfriend calling) - P(both calling) = .8 + .35 -.28 = .87.
139
What is the correct line graph for y = −2x + 9?
Do Rise and Run.
You go this wrong.
Rise: The vertical change between two points on the line (the difference in the y-coordinates).
Run: The horizontal change between two points on the line (the difference in the x-coordinates).
For example, if you have two points on the line:
(𝑥1,𝑦1) and (𝑥2,𝑦2), the slope 𝑚 is calculated by:
𝑚= (𝑦2−𝑦1)
(𝑥2−𝑥1)
140
A normally distributed data set has a mean of 25 and a standard deviation of 2.
Which percentage of the data falls between 23 and 25?
34.0
68.0
95.0
99.7
34.0
141
The bar chart below summarizes the final grade distribution for a statistics course:
Which percentage of students earned a B in the statistics course?
9%
22.5%
27.5%
40%
22.5%
142
Which statement is true regarding the distribution of the histogram below?
7889998877666554332221111000 ---->
The mean of the distribution is greater than its median.
The median of the distribution is greater than its mean.
The mean and the median of the distribution are equal.
The relationship between the mean and the median cannot be determined from the histogram.
The mean of the distribution is greater than its median.
143
A company has 14 employees. Six employees work day shift, five employees work swing shift, and three employees work night shift.
Which type of graph should be used to display how many employees work each shift?
Stem plot
Bar graph
Box plot
Histogram
Bar graph
144
The chart below shows the population of Texas from 1900 through 2000 (in millions of people):
Why is this graph a misleading representation of this data?
Rounding to the nearest million distorts the true values.
The horizontal scale is uneven.
The vertical scale is uneven.
The x-axis and y-axis should be reversed.
The horizontal scale is uneven.
145
A researcher is examining the relationship between the number of hours of sleep and score on a cognitive test.
Which method should be used to measure the linear relationship between these two variables?
Correlation
Proportion
Quartile
Standard deviation
Correlation
146
A study is conducted on the possible relationship between the number of new car purchases and national unemployment rates.
Which numerical measure is appropriate for this situation?
Standard deviation
Five-number summary
Correlation coefficient
Conditional percentages
Correlation coefficient
147
The percentage of drivers born before and after 1990 who can and cannot drive manual transmission is recorded in the table below:
Results Can Drive Manual Cannot Drive Manual Total
Before 1990 78% 22% 100%
After 1990 16% 84% 100%
What is the relationship between the time period drivers were born in and the ability to drive a manual transmission car?
*People born before 1990 are more likely to be able to drive a manual transmission car than people born after 1990 because 78% is greater than 16%.
*People born after 1990 are less likely to be able to drive a manual transmission car than people born before 1990 because 22% is less than 78%.
*People born before 1990 are more likely to be able to drive a manual transmission car than people born after 1990 because 78% is greater than 22%.
*People born after 1990 are less likely to be able to drive a manual transmission car than people born before 1990 because 16% is less than 84%.
People born before 1990 are more likely to be able to drive a manual transmission car than people born after 1990 because 78% is greater than 16%.
148
How will removal of the outlier affect the relationship between missed work days and health rating in the scatterplot below?
(Hint: Is is a strong negative correlation)
It will weaken the positive relationship.
It will weaken the negative relationship.
It will strengthen the negative relationship.
It will strengthen the positive relationship.
It will strengthen the negative relationship.
149
A researcher is trying to determine if promotions are based on gender. The researcher studies two companies and records the gender of the employees that received pay grade promotions during the last year.
The results are shown in the following table:
Female employees promoted Male employees promoted
Endothon Company 511/825 = 62% 89/108 = 82%
Quality Apple Farms 137/417 = 33% 131/375 = 35%
Total 648/1242 = 52% 220/483 = 46%
Is Simpson’s paradox evident in this data?
Yes, because while each of the companies promoted a higher percentage of male employees, overall a higher percentage of women were promoted
Yes, because the overall promotion rates were different
No, because a higher percentage of female employees were promoted by each company
No, because a higher percentage of male employees were promoted by each company
Yes, because while each of the companies promoted a higher percentage of male employees, overall a higher percentage of women were promoted.
150
A coin has two sides: heads and tails.
If three coins are tossed, what is the probability of getting an odd number of heads?
3/8
5/8
1/2
1/4
1/2
151
A fast-food company is interested in knowing the probability of whether a customer viewed an advertisement for their new special on the internet or on television. They found that 37% of customers saw the advertisement on the internet, 20% saw it on television, and 12% saw it on both the internet and on television.
What is the probability that a randomly selected customer saw the advertisement on the internet or on television?
Your
29%
45%
57%
69%
45%
152
A marketing company chooses a survey participant among two respondents: one female and one male. The chosen participant is then asked to rate either product A, B, or C.
What is the probability that the respondent was male and rated product B?
0.167
0.333
0.500
0.833
0.167
153
A company receives equipment from two factories: 38% from factory A, and all other equipment from factory B. Each factory has a percentage of equipment that is defective: 1% of factory A's equipment is defective, while 4% of factory B's equipment is defective.
If a piece of the company's equipment is selected at random, what is the probability that it is defective and from factory B?
0.0248
0.0038
0.6012
0.6600
0.0248
154
A box contains one red ball, one purple ball, and one blue ball. Two balls are drawn from the box one after the other without replacing the first ball.
How many outcomes are possible for this experiment?
3
6
9
10
6
