Appraisal and Attribution theory Flashcards
(20 cards)
Who proposed the ‘Naïve Scientist’ model of attribution?
Fritz Heider (1958)
What are the two main types of causes in Heider’s attribution theory?
Dispositional (internal) and Situational (external) causes
What are the three dimensions in Kelley’s Covariation Model?
Consensus, Consistency, Distinctiveness
High consensus, high consistency, and high distinctiveness lead to what type of attribution?
Situational attribution
Low consensus, high consistency, and low distinctiveness lead to what type of attribution?
Dispositional attribution
What is the Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE)?
The tendency to overestimate dispositional causes and underestimate situational causes
What study is used to demonstrate FAE?
Jones & Harris (1967) – Castro essay study
What is Actor–Observer Bias?
We attribute our own behavior to situations, others’ behavior to dispositions
What is the Self-Serving Bias?
Success = internal attribution; Failure = external attribution
What study showed cultural variation in attribution?
Morris & Peng (1994)
Who founded modern Appraisal Theory?
Richard Lazarus (1991)
What are the two main steps in Lazarus’ appraisal process?
Primary appraisal and Secondary appraisal
What does primary appraisal assess?
Whether the event is personally relevant
What does secondary appraisal assess?
Whether we can cope, who is responsible
What are Frijda’s action tendencies?
Emotion-linked urges to act adaptively
Which model broke appraisals into multiple emotional dimensions?
Smith & Ellsworth (1985)
What theory explains group-level emotion based on appraisal?
Intergroup Emotions Theory (Mackie et al., 2000)
Which researchers linked emotion to social functions at multiple levels?
Keltner & Haidt (1999)
What is the Social Functionalist view of emotion?
Emotions help individuals and groups adapt and maintain social bonds
Which cultural researchers linked appraisal to collectivism/individualism?
Markus & Kitayama (1991)
