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Flashcards in approach to acute paediatrics Deck (9)
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1
Q

child airway anatomy

A
  • large head to body
  • short necks
  • large tongues
  • obligate nasal breathers
  • nasal passaged easily obstructed
  • compressible floor of mouth and trachea
  • high anterior larynx
2
Q

child anatomy - breathing

A
  • small surface area for air tissue interface
  • lower airway small - easily obstructed
  • diaphragmatic breathing
  • fewer T1 fibres: easy fatigue
  • soft non-calcified bones + compliant chets wall = recession and in-drawing
  • horizontal ribs, less expansion
3
Q

child physiology - respiratory

A
  • higher metabolic rate/O2 consumption: resp rate higher and gradually falls
  • oxygen dissoc curve shifted left in neonates- HbF predominance
  • immature lung vulnerable to insult
  • apnoea
4
Q

child physiology - cardiovascular

A
  • blood volume 70-80ml/kg: small loss makes big difference
  • changes from in-utero to ex-utero: PDAs/PFO may remain open few months
  • ECG features vary
  • stroke volume inc with size - HR higher and gradually falls
5
Q

child CVS physiology - systemic vascular resistance

A

progressively rises from birth

  • BP lower and rises
  • special cuffs/charts needed for different ages
6
Q

child bradycardia

A

<60

indicates life threatening pathology

7
Q

child physiology - large surface area : weight ratio

A

rapid heat loss/hypothermia

8
Q

child physiology - immune system

A

immature

babies more susceptible to infections

9
Q

child CVS physiology - pulm and systemic pressure

A

pulm pressure starts high and lowers

vice versa for systemic