Approach to Cardiac Murmurs Flashcards
(47 cards)
S1
Closure of Mitral and Tricuspid valves
What heart sound marks the beginning of systole?
S1
S2
Closure of Aortic and Pulmonic valves
What heart sound marks the end of systole?
S2
When is S3 heard?
After S2
S3
Rapid ventricular filling
When is S4 heard?
Before S1
S4
Atrial contraction against stiff ventricles
When is S3 normal to hear?
Children
When is S4 normal to hear?
Athletes
What is the order of the phases of the cardiac cycle (7)?
Atrial Contraction Isovolumetric Contraction Rapid Ejection Reduced Ejection Isovolumetric Relaxation Rapid Filling Reduced Filling
Where is the aortic valve heard?
Right 2nd ICS near sternum
Where is the pulmonic valve heard?
Left 2nd ICS near sternum
Where is Erb’s point?
Left 3rd ICS
Where is tricuspid valve heard?
Left 4th ICS near sternum
Where is mitral valve heard?
Left 5th ICS mid-clavicular line
Where is point of maximal impulse?
Left 5th ICS mid-clavicular line
Stenosis
Turbulent blood flow through a stiff/narrowed valve
Regurgitation
Turbulent blood flow in an opposite direction than normal
When are systolic murmurs heard?
During Ventricular systole
atrial Diastole
When are diastolic murmurs heard?
During Atrial systole
ventricular Diastole
Do murmurs always indicate there is a problem?
NO
When do murmurs become a problem?
When there are symptoms – get an EKG
What 3 things do you note about a murmur?
Location
Timing
Shape
