Approaches Flashcards
(37 cards)
What is Psychology?
The scientific study of the human mind + its functions
Who is the father of psychology?
Wilhelm Wundt
What was the aim of the little Albert study?
To explore whether a fear to a harmless stimulus could be classically conditioned
What is an assumption of social learning theory?
People learn through observation and imitation of others
What is a main assumption of the cognitive approach?
Internal mental processes (Memory, thinking. etc) can and should be studied scientifically
What are Schemas?
A package of beliefs on a topic that comes from prior experience.
What is a main assumption of the biological approach?
Behaviour can be inherited, as it is determined by genetic information
What is a genotype
The set of genes that a person possesses
What are the 5 stages of Freud’s psychosexual development theory?
1) Oral
2) Anal
3) Phalic
4) Latency
5) Genital
What is Neurosis?
Negative Emotional State
Where does pleasure come from in the Oral stage?
Eating + Sucking
What is the Humanistic approach focused on?
Focused on the Individual person + assumes all people wish to better themselves
What is Humanism?
A perspective that emphasises the potential for good that’s present in all humans
Is the Humanistic approach individualistic or not?
Approach is individualistic + Believes people have a choice over their actions ( Free Will)
What are the main assumptions of the behaviourist approach?
Only concerned with studying behaviour that can be observed and measured
We were born as a blank slate
Identified 2 important forms of learning: Classical Conditioning (Pavlov), Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
What was the name and aim of Watson and Rayners study?
Little Albert Study
The aim was to explore whether a fear to a harmless stimulus could be classically conditioned
What was the procedure of the little Albert study?
9 month infant was assessed for emotional stability
+
Unafraid of multiple stimuli including a white rat, rabbit, wooden blocks but he was scared of a loud noise made from a hammer and a steel bar
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He was shown the rat again 2 months later and when he went to reach for it the loud noise was made. Which scared him
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This was repeated 5 times one week later
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After 31 days without seeing the objects he was tested again
What were the findings of the little Albert study?
Whenever the steel bar was struck Albert showed fear
+
By the second trial he was cautious about the rat and leaned away when it was present
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5 days later Albert cried when he saw the rat and similar objects, including a fur coat, cotton wool, and Santa’s beard
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After 31 days Albert showed fear to the conditioned stimuli but he also reached out to touch the rabbit
What was the conclusion of the little Albert study?
Albert was CLASSICALLY conditioned to be afraid of the rat and became afraid of other similar white/furry objects
What are the main assumptions of Social Learning Theory?
A development of the behaviourist approach
Unlike the behaviourist approach believes that people learn through observation and imitation of others
What’s vicarious reinforcement?
Non direct + observing someone else and reinforcing their behaviour
What’s modelling?
When people are much more likely to imitate behaviour of people they identify with (Role Models)
What’s identification?
When someone associates themselves with someone and wants to be like that person
What experiment did bandura conduct in 1961 and 1963? And what was the aim of it?
Bobo Doll experiment
Aim was to investigate if behaviour (specifically aggression) can be learned through observation of models
