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Psychology Paper 2 > Approaches > Flashcards

Approaches Flashcards

1
Q

Behaviourist Approach

A01

A

Study things that are observable and measureable
* Behaviour is learned
* Learning is the same for all species
* Classical conditioning
* Operant conditioning

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2
Q

Behaviourist Approach

A03

A
  • RWA - treatments for phobias
  • RWA - token economies
  • Speed of associations
  • Skinner’s boxes
  • Pavlov and Little Albert
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3
Q

Behaviourist

Conditioning Timing

A01

A

too long between NS and US means no conditioning

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4
Q

Behaviourist

Extinction

A01

A

If over time, the conditioned response stops happening the association may cease

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5
Q

Behaviourist

Spontaneous Recovery

A01

A

If the CS and the UCS are linked again after extinction, the association happens faster

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6
Q

Behaviourist

Stimulus Generalisation

A01

A

Once conditioned, similar stimuli will ellict the same response

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7
Q

Humanistic Approach

A01

A

Asks how people grow and develop into their best selves
* Self actualisation
* The self
* Treatments

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8
Q

Humanistic

Self Actualisation

A01

A

Becoming the best you you can be
Ideal self = self concept
Top of Mazlow’s hierarchy

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9
Q

Humanistic

The Self

A01

A

Self concept is who you feel you are
Ideal self is who you want to be
Incongruence is when these are different

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10
Q

Humanistic

Treatments

A01

A

Unconditional positive regard for self esteem issues
Client centred therapy focusses on reducing incongruence

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11
Q

Humanistic

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A01

A
  1. Self actualisation
  2. Esteem
  3. Love and Belonging
  4. Safety needs
  5. Physiological needs
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12
Q

Humanistic Approach

A03

A
  • Culture bias
  • CC therapy suitable for self esteem issues
  • Deficiency needs met = better at academics
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13
Q

Wundt

A01

A

Father of psychology
Moved away from philosophy to the scientific method
Identify stucture of the mind by breaking behaviours into elements
Structuraliusm

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14
Q

Introspection

A01

A

Where a person examines their own thoughts and feelings caused by certain stimuli
Wundt trained his students to be objective
Made a standardised procedure

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15
Q

Wundt and Introspection

A03

A
  • Scientific
  • Accuracy of self report
  • Implicit association (have no conscious knowledge of it)
  • Positive contributions
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16
Q

Social Learning Theory

Mediational Processes

A01

A
  1. Attention
  2. Retention
  3. Reproduction
  4. Motivation
17
Q

Social Learning Theory

A01

A

Learning indirectly via imitation of role models
* real or symbolic

Identification
* the extent to which an individual relates to a model
* more similar = same outcomes

18
Q

Social Learning Theory

A03

A
  • Bandura
  • Boys vs Girls in Bandura (biology?)
  • Positive TV programs study
  • Violent TV programs study
19
Q

Cognitive Approach

A01

A
  • Schema
  • Theoretical models
  • Computer models

Processes studied indirectly using inferences
Cognitive neuroscience uses computers

20
Q

Cognitive

Schemas

A01

A

Cognitive framework that helps us to organise and interpret information

21
Q

Cognitive Approach

A03

A
  • RWA - CBT
  • Office and schema
  • artificial studies
22
Q

Psychodynamic Approach

A01

A
  • Unconscious
  • Personality
  • Defense mechanisms
  • Psychosexual stages
23
Q

Psychodynamic

Psychosexual Stages

A01

A
  1. Oral
  2. Anal
  3. Phallic
  4. Latency
  5. Genital
24
Q

Psychodynamic Approach

A03

A
  • Case studies
  • Unfalsifiable
  • RWA - talking therapies
  • Women - alpha bias
25
Q

Biological Approach

A01

A

Everything psychological is first biological
* Genetic similarity
* Concordance rates
* Genotype vs phenotype
* Natural Selection
* Neural and neurochemical

26
Q

Biological Approach

A03

A
  • RWA - treatments
  • Scientific
  • Biological determinism
  • Biological reductionism
27
Q

Biological

Genotype vs Phenotype

A01

A

Genotype
* a person’s genes

Phenotype
* a person’s characteristics
* controlled by genes and environment

28
Q

Psychodynamic

Role of the Unconscious

A01

A

Conscious
* current processing

Preconscious
* could become conscious

Unconcious
* everything outside of conscious awareness

29
Q

Psychodynamic

Personality

A01

A

Id
* pleasure principle
* innate

Super ego
* morality principle
* comes from socialisation

Ego
* reality principle
* balances id and super ego

30
Q

Psychodynamic

Defence Mechanisms

A01

A

Repression
* forcing distressing thought into unconscious

Denial
* refusing to acknowledge some aspect of reality

Displacement
* transfering feelings to a substitute target

Psychology Paper 2 (3 decks)

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