approaches

Question 1

banduras 4 mediational processes

Answer 1

attention- the extent to which we notice certain behaviours
retention- how well the behaviour is remembered
motor reproduction- the ability of the observer to perform the behaviour
motivation- the will.

Question 2

self actualisation

Answer 2

Achievement of the full potential

Question 3

reductionist

Answer 3

only looking at 1 factor when explaining behaviour, disregarding the influence of any others

Question 4

holistic

Answer 4

looking at all variables

Question 5

schemas

Answer 5

• units of information that we use to understand the world around us
• they develop from experience and form our beliefs and expectations of the world around us
• allow us to process information quickly

Question 6

determinism

Answer 6

humans have no control over the way they act or think. everything is caused by internal or external factors

Question 7

abraham maslow

Answer 7

created hierarchy of needs

Question 8

carl rogers

Answer 8

congruence
the selves
unconditional positive regards

Question 9

negative punishment

Answer 9

something being taken away for doing something wrong

Question 10

positive punishment

Answer 10

receiving something unpleasant for doing something wrong

Question 11

negative reinforcement

Answer 11

removing something unpleasant and the outcome is positive

Question 12

positive reinforcement

Answer 12

receiving a reward for doing a certain behaviour

Question 13

introspection

Answer 13

refers to the process of observing and examining your own conscious thoughts or emotions in a systematic way

Question 14

standardisation

Answer 14

the same standardised instructions that were issued to all participants, allowing procedures to be replicated every time

Question 15

who was wundt

Answer 15

• opened first lab in germany
• “father of psychology”
• believed all aspects of nature can be studied scientifically

Question 16

empirical methods

Answer 16

phenomena that can be observed and measured scientifically

Question 17

systematic

Answer 17

acting according to a fixed plan or design

Question 18

objective

Answer 18

basing findings on fact, not opinion

Question 19

cartesian dualism

Answer 19

the idea that the brain is not the same as the mind

Question 20

tripartite personality

Answer 20

id- pleasure principle
ego- reality principle
superego- morality principle

Question 21

5 psycho sexual stages

Answer 21

oral
anal
phallic
latency
genital

Question 22

oedipus complex

Answer 22

young boys develop incestuous feelings towards their mothers and a murderous hatred to their rival in love - their father

Question 23

electra complex

Answer 23

young girls develop penis envy- they desire their father and hate their mother. they are thought to give up these feelings by replacing it with their desire to have babies

Question 24

defence mechanisms

Answer 24

allows us to block out painful feelings after experiencing a trauma

Question 25

3 ego defence mechanisms

Answer 25

repression , denial , displacement

Question 26

defence mechanisms : displacement

Answer 26

using a substitute person or object for the expression of feelings

Question 27

defence mechanisms : repression

Answer 27

forcing a hurtful memory or feeling out of the consciousness

Question 28

defence mechanisms: denial

Answer 28

refusing to acknowledge certain aspects of reality

Question 29

classical conditioning

Answer 29

behaviour is learnt via association

Question 30

operant conditioning

Answer 30

behaviour is explained by a associating a consequence with a certain action

Question 31

neutral stimulus

Answer 31

something in the environment that doesn’t cause a response

Question 32

unconditioned stimulus

Answer 32

something in the environment that already causes us to respond in a certain way

Question 33

tabula rosa

Answer 33

we are born as blank slates

Question 34

serotonin

Answer 34

mood regulator

Question 35

dopamine

Answer 35

drive and motivation levels

Question 36

neuro chemistry

Answer 36

actions of chemicals in the brain

Question 37

chemicals

Answer 37

neurotransmitters

Question 38

monozygotic

Answer 38

one zygote - identical twins

Question 39

dizygotic

Answer 39

two zygotes - non identical twins

Question 40

vicarious reinforcement

Answer 40

reinforcement which occurs through observing someone else

Question 41

nomothetic

Answer 41

concerned with establishing general laws based on the study of large groups of people

Question 42

idiographic

Answer 42

focus on the individual and emphasise the unique personality and experience of human nature

Question 43

assumption of behaviourist approach

Answer 43

we are born as blank slates all behaviour is learned and any changes are a result of environmental factors

Question 44

skinners rats

Answer 44

rats in a box with a lever that released food rats learned this some rats were shocked when pulled lever and learned to only do so when hungry

Question 45

pavlovs dog

Answer 45

bell was rang when food was given dog salivated when bell was rang

Question 46

assumptions of biological approach

Answer 46

everything psychological is first biological the mind lives in the brain

Question 47

twin studies

Answer 47

analyses whether psychological characteristics are genetic via concordance rate

Question 48

selective breeding

Answer 48

artificially selecting males and females with a certain characteristic and make them reporoduce