Approaches in psychology Flashcards
(12 cards)
What is the behaviourist approach?
An approach focusing on observable behaviour, learned through classical and operant conditioning.
What is classical conditioning?
Learning through association. Example: Pavlov’s dogs salivating at the sound of a bell.
What is operant conditioning?
Learning through consequences. Example: Skinner’s rats pressing a lever for food.
What are the strengths and weaknesses of the behaviourist approach?
✅ Scientific & measurable.
❌ Ignores internal mental processes.
What is Social Learning Theory?
Learning occurs through observation and imitation of role models (Bandura).
What are the 4 mediational processes in SLT?
Attention, Retention, Motor Reproduction, Motivation.
What is vicarious reinforcement?
Learning through observing consequences for others (e.g., seeing a sibling get rewarded).
What is the cognitive approach?
Focuses on internal mental processes (e.g., memory, perception, thinking).
What is a schema?
A cognitive framework that helps organise information.
What is cognitive neuroscience?
The study of brain structures linked to cognitive functions (e.g., fMRI scans).
What does the biological approach focus on?
Genes, neurochemistry, and brain structures.
What is neurochemistry?
The role of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine in behaviour.
