Approaches Spec

Question 1

Origins of psychology

Answer 1

Origins of psychology: Wundt, introspection and the emergence of psychology as a science

Question 2

Psychodynamic approach

Answer 2

The psychodynamic approach: the basic assumptions ,the role of the un conscience, the structure of personality; id, ego superego. Defence mechanisms including repression, denial and displacement, psychosexual stages.

Question 3

The behaviourist approach

Answer 3

Learning approaches: the basic assumptions, the behaviourist approach, including classical conditioning and pavlovs research, operant conditioning, types of reinforcement and skinners research.

Question 4

Social learning theory

Answer 4

Learning approaches: the basic assumptions, social learning theory including imitation, identification, modelling, vicarious reinforcement, the role of meditational processes and banduras research.

Question 5

The cognitive approach

Answer 5

The cognitive approach: the basic assumptions, the study of internal mental processes the role of the schema, the use of theoretical and computer models to explain and make inferences about mental processes. The emergence of cognitive neuro science.

Question 6

Biological approach

Answer 6

The biological approach: the basic assumptions, the influence of genes, biological structures, and neurochemistry on behaviour. Genotype and phenotype, genetic basis of behaviour, evolution and behaviour.

Question 7

Humanism

Answer 7

Humanistic psychology: the basic assumptions, free will, self actualisation and Maslows hierarchy of needs, focus on the self , congruence, the role of conditions of worth. The influence on counselling.