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Psychology- Paper 2- Studies > Approoaches > Flashcards

Approoaches Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

History of psychology- William Wundt-
In what country did Wundt open the first psychological lab in 1879?

A

Germany

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2
Q

History of psychology- William wundt-
What theory did Wundt create? And what is it?

A

Introspection- the systematic analysis of your conscious experience of a stimulus (thoughts, images and sensations)

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3
Q

History of psychology- William Wundt-
What was wundts study?

A

Wundt trained psychology students to make observations about their responses to certain stimuli

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4
Q

Behaviourist approach- classical conditioning-
Who discovered classical conditioning? When?

A

Pavlov (1927)

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5
Q

Behaviours it approach- classical conditioning-
What were each of the factors in Pavlovs study?

A

UCS- food
UcR- salivating
NS- bell
CS- bell
CR- salivating

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6
Q

Behaviourist approach- operant conditioning-
Who put this conditioning forward? When?

A

Skinner (1938)

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7
Q

Behaviourist approach- operant conditioning-
What did Skinner do in his study for negative and positive reinforcement?

A

Negative reinforcement- the removal of an electric shock
Positive reinforcement- gain food pellets

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8
Q

Social learning theory- Bandura-
What year was the study conducted?

A

1963

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9
Q

Social learning theory- Bandura-
How many nursery school students took part in this study? How many groups?

A

66, split into 3 groups

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10
Q

Social learning theory- Bandura-
What did all the groups of children watch?

A

A video of an adult acting aggressively towards a bobo doll

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11
Q

Social learning theory- Bandura-
What were the three conditions?

A

1= the adult was neither rewarded or punished
2= the children saw the adult be rewarded
3= the children saw the adult. Be punished

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12
Q

Social learning theory- Bandura-
What were the findings of Banduras study?

A

Condition 2 was the most aggressive, condition 3 was the least aggressive

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13
Q

Social learning theory- Bandura-
What was the conclusion?

A

All children learnt to perform aggressively, however children in condition 3 did not perform as many aggressive acts until they were rewarded to do so

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14
Q

Biological approach- Billet-
What kind of analysis dod Billet carry out?

A

A meta analysis

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15
Q

Biological approach- Billlet-
What did Billet want to investigate?

A

If there was a genetic explanation for OCD

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16
Q

Biological approach- Billet-
What concordance rate did he fond between the two types of twins?

A

Mz= 68%, Dz= 31%

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17
Q

Biological approach- Billet-
How many sets of twins did he use?

A

14

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18
Q

Biological approach- Billet-
What was the conclusion?

A

OCD can be inherited

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19
Q

Biological approach- Billet-
What year did the study take place?

A

1998

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20
Q

Biological approach- Gottesman + shields-
What year did the study take place?

21
Q

Biological approach- Gottesman + shields-
What did they want to investigate?

Study These Flashcards
A

If there is a genetic cause for schizophrenia

22
Q

Biological approach- Gottesman + shields-
How many sets of twins were. Used?

23
Q

Biological approach- Gottesman + shields-
What three things did they check for?

Study These Flashcards
A

A diagnosis, no diagnosis, a different diagnosis

24
Q

Biological approach- Gottesman + shields-
What was the concordance rebate for Mz twins?

25
Biological approach- Gottesman + shields- What was the concordance rate for Dz twins?
9%
26
Biological approach- Gottesman + shields- What is the conclusion?
Schizophrenia may not be inherited
27
Biological approaches- Rauch- What was the process of the experiment?
OCD patients were faced with their fear
28
Biological approach- Rauch- What were the findings of the study?
Increased activity in the basal ganglia
29
Cognitive approach- computer model- What represents the brain in this model?
The CPU
30
Cognitive approach- Maguire- What was his aim?
To investigate whether structural changes in the brain can be identified in people with vast experience of spatial navigation
31
Cognitive approach- Maguire- How many london taxi drivers were used?
18
32
Cognitive approach- Maguire- How many london bus drivers were used?
17
33
Cognitive approach- Maguire- What kind of scan were the participants given?
MRI
34
Cognitive approach- Maguire- What were the results?
London taxi driver shad increased activity i their hippocampus (in charge of spatial awareness)
35
Cognitive approach- smith- What was the aim?
To investigate whether spatial working memory is handled by a different part of the brain to verbal working memory
36
Cognitive e approach- smith- How many letters were in the nonsense words the participants were shown?
4
37
Cognitive approach- smith- What was the alternative to the words the participants were shown?
The position of three dots
38
Cognitive approach- smith- What did the participants get inserted?
An intravenous catheter and a radioactive tracer was see through this
39
Cognitive approach- smith- What did the participants ahve to do?
The y had to lie in a scanner while recalling and brain images were produced
40
Cognitive approach- smith- What were the results?
Left hemisphere= verbal Right hemisphere= spatial
41
Cognitive approach- klimesch- What was the aim?
To investigate if there are different types of long term memory and where they are processed
42
Cognitive approach- klimesch- What was teh method?
- pps had to compete tasks using their semantic memory (involved asking general knowledge quetsions) - they then had to complete a task using episodic memory - while completing these tasks they had to wear a cap with small electrodes placed on, measuring brain activity
43
Cognitive approach- klimesch- What were the results?
Brain activity was different fir each task, and different frequencies
44
Psychodynamic approach- Little Hans- At what age did Hans develop an interest in his ‘widler’?
3
45
Psychodynamic approach- Little Hans- At what age did he develop a fear of horses?
5
46
Psychodynamic approach- Little Hans- Why was he afraid of horses?
Because of their large penis
47
Psychodynamic approach- Little Hans- What two other features did Hans not like about horses? what did they represent?
Blinkers (glasses), black bits around the mouth (moustache)
48
Psychodynamic approach- Little Hans- What were two fantasies that Hans had?
- he had children with his mother - someone came and removed his bottom half and replaced it with a larger version
49
Humanistic approach- Moscow- What did Moscow believe?
- we have free will - we have control of our identity/destiny - we have a choice of how we act - we overcome hurdles through self determination

Psychology- Paper 2- Studies (3 decks)

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