APR Chapter 4 - 12 (PPT) Flashcards
What were the three tasks of the encomiendero?
- Welfare of the people by maintaining peace and order
- Education/Christianization (Catechism)
- Defense of the colony
These tasks were essential for the encomienda system to function effectively in the Spanish colonial context.
What is the encomienda system?
An administrative unit that prevents the resurgence of feudalism, not a land grant
The encomienda system aimed to regulate the labor and tribute of the indigenous population in the colonies.
What are the colonial tools for exploitation
Tributes, Polo y Servicio, Bandala/Compras, and Military Conscription
This system often placed financial burdens on the indigenous population.
Who collected tributes?
Old members of the Kadatuan
This system often placed financial burdens on the indigenous population.
Who are the Old Principalia
Gobernardorcillos and Cabeza de Barangay
This system often placed financial burdens on the indigenous population.
What is Polo y servicio?
40 days service required from 16-60 year olds
This requirement was part of the labor exploitation system imposed by the colonial authorities.
How did friars rise to power?
priests/friars were temporarily allowed to hold parishes
Friars played a crucial role in both the spiritual and socio-political aspects of colonial life.
What is Bandala/Compras?
sale of goods at low price to the government
This requirement was part of the labor exploitation system imposed by the colonial authorities.
What is the Reduccion system?
Poblacion-Barrio-Sitio system
relocation of civilians near church bells
This system reorganized the indigenous population into manageable units for easier control.
Why did Spain retain the Philippines as a colony?
- Steppingstone to China and its trade
- Strategic outpost
The Philippines served as a vital link in the Spanish trade routes to Asia.
What was the Galleon Trade?
Ended in 1815; Manila was only a transshipment port for Spaniards
Acapulco, Mexico to Manila, Philippines
This trade route was crucial for the exchange of goods between the Americas and Asia.
What were some economic reforms introduced by Basco y Vargas?
- Sociedad and Compania catered only to Spaniards
- Banco Espanol-Filipino de Isabel II
These reforms aimed to improve the colonial economy but primarily benefited the Spanish colonial elite.
What was the impact of the Cavite Mutiny of 1872?
Highlighted issues of racial discrimination and fueled the reform movement
This event marked a significant turning point in the struggle for Filipino rights.
What was the goal of the Propaganda Movement?
Assimilation and representation to the Spanish court
Reformists aimed to gain equal rights for Filipinos and improve their status within the colonial framework.
What was the Pact of Biak na Bato?
Aguinaldo’s agreement that led to the betrayal of independence
This pact resulted in Aguinaldo’s temporary exile and the perception of collaboration with colonial powers.
What was the Filipino-American War?
Began on February 4, 1899, driven by the desire for independence
This conflict arose after the U.S. took control of the Philippines, leading to significant loss of life and struggle for sovereignty.
What is nativism in the context of Philippine history?
- Rejection of external influence
- Integration but with relegated authority
- Political and economic undertones of independence
Nativism reflects the evolving consciousness of Filipinos in response to colonial rule.
Who sought to represent the interests of the masses during the revolution.
Ilustrados
The Ilustrados were often seen as elitist and primarily represented their own interests rather than those of the broader Filipino population.
What was the role of Aguinaldo’s Hong Kong Junta?
Represented only the Ilustrados and not the broader Filipino population
This group was criticized for its lack of genuine representation of the people’s interests.
What characterized the social status of Filipinos during the colonial period?
Education Reform of 1863 influenced social status
This reform aimed to improve literacy and education among Filipinos, impacting their social mobility.
The goal of the _______ was to obtain representation to the Spanish court and official recognition as Spanish citizens.
[Reform movement]
This movement was pivotal in advocating for rights and reforms in the colonial governance of the Philippines.
What is Annual subsidy?
Real situado
Funds from Mexico to the Philippines
Omnimodo
By all means
How did friars do land grabbing
foreclosure
death bequeaths
titulos reales
