Apr30 M3-Vector-borne diseases

Question 1

vector of malaria

Answer 1

anopheles mosquito

Question 2

vector of dengue (a flavivirus, meaning related to yellow fever)

Answer 2

aedes mosquito

Question 3

vector of chikungunya (a flavivirus)

Answer 3

aedes mosquito

Question 4

vector of Zika (a flavivirus)

Answer 4

aedes mosquito

Question 5

vector of WNV (WNF) (a flavirirus)

Answer 5

aedes and culex mosquito

Question 6

vector of lyme disease

Answer 6

Ixodes hard ticks

Question 7

2 only effective repellents for malaria

Answer 7

• DEET

- picaridin

Question 8

useful insecticide to put on bed nets (anopheles bites at night) and clothes

Answer 8

permethrin

Question 9

how to recognize the anopheles mosquito

Answer 9

• bites with its butt in the air

- five equal length palps (long filamentous structures near head)

Question 10

number 1 ddx of fever in returning traveller from SE Asia

Answer 10

dengue

Question 11

what’s complicated dengue

Answer 11

dengue hemorrhagic fever

Question 12

aedes mosquito is the vector of what infections

Answer 12

• dengue (flavivirus, in yellow fevers family)
• Zika (flavivirus, in yellow fevers family)
• chikungunya
• yellow fever

Question 13

aedes mosquito vs anopheles mosquito

Answer 13

• anopheles = rural and night biter

- aedes = cities and daytime biter

Question 14

prevention of aedes mosquito bites

Answer 14

• DEET and picaridin (as repellents)

- permethrin only for clothes, curtains but not bed nets bc daytime biter

Question 15

how to recognize aedes mosquito

Answer 15

• bites lying flat (couché)

- 2nd and 4th palp are short. 1st and 5th are long

Question 16

flaviviruses (yellow fever family viruses)

Answer 16

• yellow fever
• dengue
• Zika
• Saint Louis encephalitis (SLE)
• Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)
• WNF

Question 17

main worry with Zika

Answer 17

• Zika infection in pregnant woman
• baby brains fails to develop (brain and nervous system), severe problems so get MICROCEPHALY
• also have a complication called Guillain-Baré syndrome

Question 18

symptoms of Zika

Answer 18

usual viral syndrome

• fever
• headache
• fever
• myalgias
• joint pain
• rash

Question 19

risk of microcephaly of newborn in pregnant woman infected with Zika

Answer 19

if infected in T1 (first trimester), risk of microcephaly is 11%

Question 20

how can you catch Zika other than mosquito bite

Answer 20

• sexually transmitted (almost always male to female)

- vertical

Question 21

characteristic of tick bites (transmit lyme disease)

Answer 21

• painless
• in areas where not found easily
• hang on to your skin
• especially the groin

Question 22

how to prevent tick bites and getting lyme disease

Answer 22

• avoid woody bushy areas
• long clothes
• DEET (repellant) or permethrin (insecticide) on clothing
• end of the day, check whole body with mirror

Question 23

West Nile virus (from culex mosquito or from aedes mosquito) is in what family of viruses

Answer 23

flaviviruses, in the JEV serocomplex (which also includes SLE)

Question 24

how to recognize the culex mosquito

Answer 24

• the 2 of the 5 palps that are on the side are longer

- culex sits there parallel to the skin when it bites (whereas aedes has is a bit bent and lying close to the skin)

Question 25

4 steps of bites (vector diseases) prevention

Answer 25

A: awareness (know the risk) B: bites (personal protection measures) C: Compliance with the Chemoprophylaxis (pills to PREVENT) D: Dx and early tx

Question 26

how malaria can be controlled at the community level (think of malaria life cycle) (5 steps)

Answer 26

1. reduce vectors (indoor sprays on walls where rest for ex, traps for tsetse flies for ex, etc.) 2. personal protection from bites (bednets, repellents, clothing) 3. tx of blood in sick people to avoid transmission 4. tx on liver stage (before go out in blood) or on gametocyte stage 5. vaccine

Question 27

which bites and infections can be prevented with bednets and which can't

Answer 27

- the anopheles infections (malaria). | - when vector = aedes (daytime biter), bednet can't prevent from Zika, Dengue, WNV, YF, chikungunya, etc.)

Question 28

most effective repellents and insecticides to avoid malaria and day-biting species (dengue, WNV, etc.)

Answer 28

DEET, picaridin as repellents (DEET in Zika zone) | permethrin = insecticide on clothes or bednets

Question 29

why DEET is better (and preferred) over picaridin in a Zika area

Answer 29

Aedes mosquitos infected with Zika are less repelled by picaridin

Question 30

what clothing color is preferred to prevent mosquito bites

Answer 30

white clothes | mosquitos prefer black

Question 31

vector of African trypanosoma

Answer 31

tse tse fly

Question 32

vector of leishmaniasis

Answer 32

sandflies

Question 33

best thing to do if being bitten by an insect

Answer 33

speciate it (or take picture to speciate later). species determines the infection you have

Question 34

in a vector-borne disease, where can the transmission of the disease occur

Answer 34

only in the parts of the world where the vector (flies, ticks, wtv.) are present

Question 35

other way of avoiding aedes and anopheles bites

Answer 35

put the AC on. these flies don't like the cold