Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

part 3: treatment dose and prescription > A.prescription > Flashcards

A.prescription Flashcards

(76 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

The total dose must be included on the

A

prescription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

on the treatment prescription it must include

A
  • fractionation schedule
  • treatment technique
  • beam energy
  • imaging
  • gating
    and bolus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

some things that aren’t on the prescription are

A
  • MU
  • doses to critical structuser
  • DVH - dose volume histogram
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

_____ change depending on the location of the tumor, treatment intent, and the organs at risk surrounding the tumor

A

Total doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

An example of a typical palliative dose is a daily fraction of

A

300 cGy for 10 fractions and a total dose of 3,000 cGy

  • 5 fractions/week
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Total doses range from approximately ____ for curative treatments

A

50 - 80 Gy (5000 - 8000 cGy)

  • 180-200 cGy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

To ensure tumor control there are recommended doses to be delivered: For subclinical disease doses of

A

45 - 50 Gy is recommended

-Subclinical diseases are conditions where the disease is identifiable with laboratory testing or imaging, but have no outward signs or symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The number of fractions and dose per fraction must be

A

included on the prescription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

____breaks up the total dose into multiple smaller doses so that cells can repair

A

Fractionation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The total amount of fractions varies with the

A

total tumor dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

___fractionation: Daily fractions of 180 - 200 cGy, five days per week for multiple weeks

A

Conventional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

_______fractionation: Larger dose per fraction with less fractions than conventional fractionation schedules, but same overall dose

A

Accelerated / hypofractionation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

____: Smaller dose per fraction and more fractions than conventional fractionation schedules

A

Hyperfractionation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hyperfractionation is recommended for

A

slower growing tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hypofractionation is recommended for

A

faster growing tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

BID means ______

A

twice daily with 6 hours in between

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Beam energy should be displayed on

A

the prescription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The _____ used for treatments and is chosen depending on the thickness of the patient and the depth of the tumor

A

beam energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tumors in areas of the body that are thicker use ____beam energies

A

higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

most treatments for pelvic tumors use

A

15X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

most treatments for brain tumors use

A

6X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When beam energy is increased, skin sparing is increased for

A

photon beams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Different beam energies have different depths for

A

dmax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

_____particles: Two protons and two neutrons (also known as a helium nuclei) released from an unstable heavy nucleus as it decays

A

Alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Alpha particles has a charge, heavy mass and ___LET
high
26
____particles: Electrons that are released by a nucleus
Beta
27
Beta particles are __ charges
Negatively charged (negatron) or positively charged (positron)
28
____: Electromagnetic radiation, known as photons
X-rays
29
X-rays have no
mass or charge
30
X-rays interaction occurs near the
nucleus
31
_____: Photons naturally emitted from a nucleus
Gamma rays
32
Natural background radiation include:
Cosmic rays, terrestrial radiation, and radionuclides in the human body
33
tumor volume that is visible and can be palpated
GTV- gross tumor volume
34
_______= GTV and the area around it that may have microscopic disease
CTV- clinical target volume
35
_____= CTV plus motion of the tumor caused by breathing or involuntary motions
ITV- internal target volume
36
____ are required to determine the ITV
4D CT simulation scans
37
______= CTV and an area around it to give a margin for uncertainties
PTV- planning target volume
38
_____ is the volume of tissues that is given a large portion of the dose
Irradiated volume
39
_____ are organs close to the irradiated area that may affect or limit the dosage delivered
Organs at risk (OAR)
40
_______ are established based on tolerence doses of the organs at risk and the dose distributions
Treatment fields
41
Multiple treatment fields are more commonly used for
curative treatment
42
Single fields are more cornmeniy used for
palliative treatments
43
____ is arranged depending on the orientation and organs at risk near the tumor
Field orientation
44
MLCs and other beam modifiers can be used to
further shape the beam
45
_____dose distributions usually require multiple field
Adequate
46
_____ fields are usually used for a posterior spine field
Single
47
_____have a hinge angle of 180 degrees
Parallel opposed portals (POP)
48
Hinge angle refers to the degrees between each
gantry angle
49
____ technique is commonly used for structures within the abdomen, such as the pancreas, bladder, rectum, etc.
Three-field
50
When an odd number of fields are used, it is common for ____to be used to even out dose distribution
wedges
51
________ is commonly used for deep tumors within the pelvis or abdomen
Four-field technique/four-field box
52
4-field box fields have a hinge angle of
90 degrees
53
______ technique has a hinge angle that is less than 180 degrees between two fields
Wedge-pair - used for small superficial tumors
54
Wedge-pair- requires wedges to have a more even
dose distribution
55
The thick ends of the wedges, also known as the _____ face each other
heel,
56
_______ are also known as "arc therapy," where the radiation is delivered while the gantry is moving in an arc from one set point to another
Rotational fields
57
For partial arcs, or arcs less than 360 degrees, the treatment planning method is called
past pointing
58
For arcs that are ____ degrees, the beam is set to treat at the exact depth of the center of the tumor
360
59
Arc speed is calculated as
degree/MU
60
Before treating with an arc, the therapist should do a dry run of the gantry rotation to ensure there will be
no collisions between the gantry and the patient or table
61
For ____fields, the gantry does not move while the radiation beam is delivered
fixed
62
different ____ can deliver different percentages of the total dose
fields
63
AP:PA weighted is ___ proportionally
2:1
64
AP field will deliver 2/3 of the dose which means to multiply the total prescription dose by __________ to find the amount of cGy delivered in the AP field
2/3
65
The isocenter is located at __Cm
100
66
Max field size = ____ cm at 100 SSD
40 x 40
67
Photon therapy energies range from about
4 to 35 MV
68
Electron therapy energies range from about
4 to 22 MeV
69
Treatment table can hold up to
350 pounds
70
Any changes in the plan must be ____prior to the patient's next treatment
recognized
71
If the changes to treatment plan include the field size or shape, the new field must be
imaged for confirmation
72
Changes in fractionation or dose must be properly documented and followed as
prescribed
73
Beam ______ will be placed in between the beam and the patient
modifiers
74
Beam Modifers attenuate some of the primary beam and require an increase in monitor units to compensate for the
partial loss of useful beam
75
What treatment modifier need to be on prescription
bolus
76
What treatment modifier does not need to be on prescription
MLC shape, blocks, wedges

part 3: treatment dose and prescription (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions