APRIL 10 Flashcards
(51 cards)
paper: different components of ______ ______ ______ affect specific _______ _______”
different components of COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY affect specific COGNITIVE MECHANISMS:
applies computational modelling approach to understand underlying mechanisms of diff types of therapeutic interventions with a focus on psychotherapy
psychotherapy (aka talk therapy)
focuses on EMOTIONS, COGNITIONS and BEHAVIOUR
using therapeutic techniques to help individuals understand and resolve mental health challenges and improve wellbeing
CBT
cognitive behavioural therapy
collection of evidence-based psychotherapy interventions
focuses on CHANGING UNHELPFUL THOUGHT PATTERNS and BEHAVIOUR
is it clear how CBT works?
no
CBT interventions are COMPLEX and MULTI-COMPONENT
not clear how diff components of these interventions work
understanding how specific elements of psychotherapy work could…
open door to DEVELOPING MORE TARGETED, PERSONALIZED TREATMENTS
(because mental health conditions are heterogeneous)
CBT - behavioural and cognitive therapies are administered…
TOGETHER
as parts of the same treatment program
yet they DIFFER in underlying theory
do BEHAVIOURAL and COGNITIVE APPROACHES work through COMMON or DISTINCT mechanisms?
behavioural approaches emphasize what?
primary importance of behavioural change
ie. planning action (does this work on reward sensitivity or outcome sensitivity?)
cognitive approaches emphasize what?
primary importance of cognitive change
ie. attributions
by decomposing specific components of therapy using computational modelling, it’s possible to…
examine how specific interventions target mechanisms underlying observable symptoms
start to get more GRANULAR understanding of what’s going on
hypotheses (general)
researchers formulated specific hypotheses about mechanisms by which behavioural and cognitive interventions might lead to symptom improvement
separate ones for both BEHAVIOURAL and COGNITIVE interventions
tested theses hypotheses in lab setting using tasks specifically designed to probe what 2 things?
- reward-effort decision making
- causal attribution
gamification
in building their tasks, they repeatedly optimized to BALANCE:
- RELIABILITY of the tasks with
- ENGAGEMENT of the PARTICIPANTS
what does behavioural activation therapy do?
helps individuals INCREASE ENGAGEMENT in REWARDING ACTIVITIES
to target LOW MOOD
ie. acting according to a PREDETERMINED PLAN increases likelihood of acting and therefore of experiencing rewards
behavioural activation promotes acting according to what as opposed to intrinsic motivation?
a PRE-DETERMINED PLAN
- increases likelihood of acting
- increases likelihood of getting rewarded
- kicks of positive reinforcement loop
how could behavioural activation therapy be boosting activity?
- by making potential rewards SEEM MORE SALIENT (increasing sensitivity to rewards)
- by REDUCING THE PERCEIVED EFFORT required to obtain the reward (reducing effort sensitivity)
increasing sensitivity to reward aka
making rewards seem more salient
reducing perceived effort to reward aka
reducing effort sensitivity
while both effort sensitivity and reward sensitivity are affected in MDD, it isn’t clear…
not clear how these processes INTERACT
and if one may be a BETTER TARGET for interventions
role of goal-setting in behavioural activation therapy: created a task that probes what?
probes “how to decide when rewards are worth effort”
administered task BEFORE and AFTER planning/goal setting intervention
used comp modelling to examine extent to which each construct (reward sensitivity/salience and effort sensitivity) is ALTERED by the INTERVENTION
reward-effort decision-making task
Ps told they were traveling through land covered in rivers
had to ‘power up’ to fly across the water at each crossing point
could choose between diff routes (that required diff effort levels) to collect diff amounts of coins
cashed in for real money at the end
after each crossing in the reward-effort decision-making task, they rated…
- sense of ACHIEVEMENT of successful EFFORT EXERTION
- sense of PLEASURE in gaining rewards
- BOREDOM
goal-setting intervention
based on behavioural activation therapy for low mood
- read TEXT describing importance of setting goals
- completed comprehension quiz about the text
after the first task and the goal setting intervention, Ps did what?
repeated a MODIFIED VERSION of task
where they were INSTRUCTED to APPLY the INFO from intervention
- SET A GOAL (number of coins) PRIOR TO EACH BLOCK
goal setting intervention: control
match-lengthed instruction and quiz about diff kinds of computer games
