April Wk 1 Cards Flashcards
(43 cards)
Nominal Measurement
A measurement that assigns number or labels to identify categories to which individuals belong (jersey numbers). No order. Just naming things.
Ordinal Measurement
Measures that arrange or sort individuals in a series ranging from highest to lowest according to an observed characteristic. Named things and put them in order.
Interval Measurement
Measurement that gives numbers for which not only order but also differences between numbers are meaningful. There is no absolute zero point to this type of scale; zero is arbitrary. Even spacing.
Ratio Scale
The highest level of measurement; all arithmetical operations can be used. Ratio scale has a true zero. Ex. height, weight.
For intellectual deficit disorder, what three deficits must be observed?
- Intellectual functioning
- Adaptive functioning
- Deficits occurring during developmental period
What are three intelligence tests for children to adolescents?
- Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (1 month to 3.5 yo)
- Wechsler Preschool & Primary Scale of Intelligence (2.5 yo to 7.5 yo)
- Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (6 yo to 17 yo)
What are 3 types of Down Syndrome?
- Full trisomy (most common)
- Mosaicism (highest level of intellectual functioning)
- Translocation of 21 and 15
- Persistent deficits in social communication & interaction in multiple contexts
- Restricted repetitive patterns of behavior, interests and activities
- Symptoms usually present in early times of life
Autism Spectrum Disorder
What is the most important early intervention in autism spectrum disorder?
Language acquisition and communication
- After period of normal development b/t 6-18 months autism like symptoms appear
- Affects mostly girls
- Mental and social development regress
- Cannot control feet, wrings hands
Rett Syndrome
- Very rare form of autism spectrum disorder
- Avg. age of onset is 3-4
- Loss of vocal more pronounced than in classical autism
- Loss of bowel and bladder control and oftentimes seizures
- Affects mostly boys
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
Characterized by:
- Hyperactivity
- Impulsivity
- Inattention
- onset before age 7
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder
- Persistent sadness; children/adolescents irritable mood for 2 or more weeks
- Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed (anhedonia) for 2 or more weeks
- Significant change in appetite or body weight
- Difficulty sleeping or oversleeping
- Psychomotor agitation or retardation
- Loss of energy
- Feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt
- Difficulty concentrating
- Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
Major Depressive Disorder (5 or more of symptoms must be present for at least 2 weeks)
- Depressed mood for at least two years (1 year in children and adolescents)
- Under or over-eating
- Insomnia or hypersomnia
- Low energy
- Low self-esteem
- Poor concentration or indecision
- Hopelessness
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
-Major depressive episode plus severe changes in mood to either extremely irritable or overly silly and elated
Bipolar Disorder
- Bipolar 1 (mania 7 days)
- Bipolar 2 (hypomania 4 days)
Onset must be before 10:
- Severe recurrent temper outbursts (verbal or physical) out of proportion to situation
- Temper outbursts on average 3+ times wk
- Mood between outbursts persistently irritable or angry
- Above criteria present for 12+ months and present in 2 settings of 3 (home, school, peers)
- Restricted to age 6-18
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
-New diagnosis with intent to distinguish children with milder DMRD from childhood-onset bipolar disorder
What are the 3 goals of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)?
- Challenge maladaptive beliefs
- Enhance problem-solving abilities
- Increase social competence
What is the best way to treat adolescent depression?
- Combine fluoxetine (leads to accelerated symptom remission) with CBT (minimizes suicidal ideation)
- Treat at least 6-9 months
What are 6 predisposing factors to adolescent suicide?
-Previous suicide attempt
-Psychiatric disorder
-Sexual/physical abuse
-Exposure to violent behavior
-Family history of suicide or mood disorder
-Male gender
-Gay or lesbian
SAD PERSONS (Sex-male; Age-teen,old; Depression; Previous attempt; Ethanol or drug use; loss of Rational thinking; Sickness; Organized plan; No spouse; Social support lacking
What are 4 precipitating factors of suicide?
- Substance abuse
- Prior suicide attempts
- Access to firearms
- Social stress
- Emotional factors
- Brief episodes of intense fear accompanied by multiple physical symptoms (such as heart palpitations and dizziness) that occur repeatedly and unexpectedly in the absence of any external threat
- Brains normal reaction to threat becomes inappropriately aroused
Panic attack: the hallmark of panic disorder
- An intense fear of becoming humiliated in social situations, specifically of embarrassing yourself in front of other people.
- Has early onset, typically before development of SUD
Social phobia aka social anxiety disorder
Marked anxiety or distress of leaving home, being in public places, or feared situations. This anxiety or distress stems from the fear of being trapped, stranded without help, or from the anxiety these situations cause.
Agoraphobia (usually co-occurs with panic)
-Unwanted, recurrent, and disturbing thoughts, impulses or images which the person cannot suppress and which can cause overwhelming anxiety
Obsessions
