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Spanish IV H > Apuntes Lección 1 - Estructuras 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 > Flashcards

Apuntes Lección 1 - Estructuras 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Present tense

A

present tense is
- used to express actions or situations that are going on at the present time
- used to express general truths
- used to express habitual actions or actions that will take place in the near future

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2
Q

subject pronouns

A

normally omitted
they are used to emphasize or clarify the subject

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3
Q

Stem-changing verbs

A

-ar and -er
- e –> ie
- o –> ue

-ir
- e –> I

nosotros/as and vosotros/as never have stem changes in the present tense.

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4
Q

Irregular stem changing verbs (general)

A

construir, destruir, incluir, and influir

add a y before the personal endings.

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5
Q

Irregular yo forms (IYF)

A

-cer -cir -car –> -zco
-ger -gir -gar –> jo

some have irregular -go ending

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6
Q

(IYF) caer

A

to fall
yo caigo

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7
Q

(IYF) distinguir

A

to distinguish
yo dintingo

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8
Q

(IYF) hacer

A

to do, to make
yo hago

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9
Q

(IYF) poner

A

to put, to place
yo pongo

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10
Q

(IYF) salir

A

to leave, to go out
yo salgo

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11
Q

(IYF) traer

A

to bring
yo traigo

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12
Q

(IYF) valer

A

to be worth
yo valgo

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13
Q

(IYF) conducir

A

to drive
yo conduzco

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14
Q

(IYF) conocer

A

to know
yo conozco

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15
Q

(IYF) crecer

A

to grow
yo crezco

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16
Q

(IYF) obedecer

A

to obey
yo obedezco

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17
Q

(IYF) parecer

A

to seem
yo parezco

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18
Q

(IYF) producir

A

to produce
yo produzco

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19
Q

(IYF) traducir

A

to translate
yo traduzco

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20
Q

(IYF) dirigir

A

to direct
yo dirijo

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21
Q

(IYF) escoger

A

to choose
yo escojo

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22
Q

(IYF) exigir

A

to demand
yo exijo

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23
Q

(IYF) proteger

A

to protect
yo protejo

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24
Q

(IYF) caber

A

to fit
yo quepo

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25
(IYF) saber
to know yo sé
26
(IYF) ver
to see yo veo
27
(IYF with stem changes) conseguir
to get, to obtain yo consigo
28
(IYF with stem changes) corregir
to correct yo corrijo
29
(IYF with stem changes) elegir
to elect, to choose yo elijo
30
(IYF with stem changes) seguir
to follow yo sigo
31
(IYF with stem changes) torcer
to twist yo tuerzo
32
(IYF w prefixes) reconocer
to recognize yo reconozco
33
(IYF w prefixes) deshacer
to undo yo deshago
34
(IYF w prefixes) rehacer
to redo yo rehago
35
(IYF w prefixes) aparecer
to appear yo aparezco
36
(IYF w prefixes) desaparecer
to disappear yo desaparezco
37
(IYF w prefixes) componer
to make up yo compongo
38
(IYF w prefixes) oponer
to oppose yo opongo
39
(IYF w prefixes) proponer
to propose yo propongo
40
(IYF w prefixes) suponer
to suppose yo supongo
41
(IYF w prefixes) atraer
to attract yo atraigo
42
(IYF w prefixes) contraer
to contract yo contraigo
43
(IYF w prefixes) distraer
to distract yo distraigo
44
(Irreg.) dar
doy das da damos dais dan
45
(Irreg.) decir
digo dices dice decimos decís dicen
46
(Irreg.) estar
estoy estás está estamos estáis están
47
(Irreg.) ir
voy vas va vamos vais van
48
(Irreg.) oír
oigo oyes oye oímos oís oyen
49
(Irreg.) ser
soy eres es somos sois son
50
(Irreg.) tener
tengo tienes tiene tenemos tenéis tienen
51
(Irreg.) venir
vengo vienes viene venimos venís vienen
52
uses of SER
nationality and place of origin (soy de...) profession or occupation (soy estudiante) characteristics of people, animals, and things (soy alta) generalizations (la clase es muy difícil) possession (es de mí) material of composition (es de papel) time, date, or season (son las dos de la mañana) where or when an event take place (la fiesta es en el apartamento) (doctor) d ate o ccupation c haracteristics t ime o rigin r elation
53
uses of ESTAR
location or spatial relationships (está cerca de la calle) health (ester enfermo) physical states and conditions (están cerradas) emotional states (estoy contenta, estoy enojado) certain weather expressions (está nublado) ongoing actions (progressive tenses) (estoy estudiando) results of actions (past participles) (está cerrada) (place) p osition l ocation a ction c ondition e motion
54
Ser and Estar
SER - express the idea of permanence (inherent or unchanging qualities and characteristics) ESTAR - express temporality (qualities or conditions that charge with time)
55
using Gustar
- to please - the subject is third person singular or plural - often used in the conditional (gustaría) to soften a request)
56
verbs like GUSTAR (VLG)
follow the same pattern as gustar
57
(VLG) aburrir
to bore me aburren los libros
58
(VLG) caer bien/mal llevarse bien/mal
to (not) get along well with me cae bien Megan me llevo bien con Megan
59
(VLG) disgustar
to upset me disgusta el examen
60
(VLG) doler
to hurt me duele la cabeza
61
(VLG) encantar
to like very much me encanta la película
62
(VLG) faltar
to lack; to miss me faltan dos huevos porque mi hermano los usó ayer.
63
(VLG) fascinar
to fascinate me fascina la tecnología.
64
(VLG) hacer falta
to need me hacen falta huevos para hacer el pastel.
65
(VLG) importar
to be important to, to matter me importa mis notas en la clase de Español.
66
(VLG) interesar
to be interesting to; to interest me interesa la pintura.
67
(VLG) molestar
to bother, to annoy me molesta el ruido.
68
(VLG) preocupar
to worry me preocupa el examen de la mañana
69
(VLG) quedar
to be left over; to fit (clothing) me quedan diez huevos en la cocina después de hacer el pastel.
70
(VLG) sorprender
to surprise Me sorprende mucho verte aquí.
71
Faltar vs. Quedar
Falter = lacks Quedar = left

Spanish IV H (7 decks)

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