APUSH

Question 1

Columbian exchange

Answer 1

the exchange of people, plants and animals between Europe, Africa, and North America that occured after Columbus arrived in the western hemisphere

Question 2

feudalism

Answer 2

social and economic system structured around the ownership of land

Question 3

capitalism

Answer 3

social and economic system structured around free exchange of goods and labor

Question 4

encomienda system

Answer 4

spanish system to regulate and control Native Americans. the spanish crown granted spanish coloniets a specified number of natives for whom they were to take responsibility

Question 5

puritans

Answer 5

english protestants who wanted to create a “community of saints” ir “city up on a hill” that would serve as a model of christianity

Question 6

Chesapeake

Answer 6

common term for the two colonies of Maryland and Virginia, both if which border on chesapeake bay

Question 7

indentured servitude

Answer 7

system of labor in which a company or individual paid a person’s passage to America in return for a contract of repayment through servitude (ususlly 7 years)

Question 8

metocom”s war (king Philip’s war), 1675-1676

Answer 8

the last significant effort by the Indians of southern new England to drive away english settlers. the Indians were led by metacom, the pokunoket chief whom english settlers called “king Philip”

Question 9

chattel slavery

Answer 9

system of labor in which one person is owned as the property of another person. the owner has absolute power over the life and liberty of the slave.

Question 10

pueblo revolt

Answer 10

an uprising of Indians in santa fe against spanish colonization

Question 11

the enlightenment (age of reason)

Answer 11

18th century philosophical movement in Europe that emphasized reason and individualism rather than tradition and faith

Question 12

great awakening 1730s-1760s

Answer 12

evangelical religious revival that swept through Britain’s North American colonies. the great awakening strengthy beliefd in religious freedom and challenged the status of established churches.

Question 13

French and Indian war (7 years war)

Answer 13

imperial war between Britain and France for control of north America (beginning in 1754) that became a larger-scale European war in 1756. american indians generally supported the French.

Question 14

ben Franklin

Answer 14

american writer, scientist, inventor, and diplomat who was a significant leader of the American independence movement. Franklin negotiated the treaty of alliance with France during the American revolution. he also negotiated the treaty ending the American revolution and attended the constitutional convention in 1787

Question 15

Republican form of government

Answer 15

free people govern themselves through elected representatives. a society with a king.

Question 16

Thomas Paine, common sense 1776

Answer 16

common sense was pamphlet that attacked the British monarchy, calling for American independence from Britain.

Question 17

declaration of independence 1776

Answer 17

a formal statement adopted by the secone continental Congress declaring the American colonies independent.

Question 18

george Washington

Answer 18

commander in chief of the continental army during the American revolution

Question 19

Republican motherhood

Answer 19

a view of womanhood after the American revolution that stressed the importance of women in raising children with republican virtues such as patriotism and honor

Question 20

french revolution 1789

Answer 20

period of radical social and political change throughout europe that began with an uprising against the king of France

Question 21

articles of confederation 1781-1789

Answer 21

first constitution of the United states. created a national government with limited powers

Question 22

anti-federalists

Answer 22

people who opposed ratification of the U.S. constitution, anti-federalist arguments included the fear that the president of the U.S. might become a king, the federsl government would have to much power, and the constitution did not include bill of rights

Question 23

federalist papers 1787-1788

Answer 23

85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in support of the federalist who advocated ratification of the U.S. constitution

Question 24

bill of rights 1791

Answer 24

during the ratification process for the U.S. constitiution, demands for greater guarantees of rights resulted in a promise for the additionof the bill of rights to the new constitution. a bill of rights was added to the constitution by 1791.

Question 25

john adams

Answer 25

revolutionary leader who played an instrumental role in the vote for american independence. after the american revolution he served as U.S. minister to Great Britian, first vice-president the united states and second president of the united states.

Question 26

washington’s farewell address 1796

Answer 26

president washington warned about the dangers of divisive political parties and permanent foreign alliances.

Question 27

federalist party

Answer 27

poitical party associated with Alexander Hamilton. Federalists supported Britian in its war agianst france. (Domestically, federallists supported a strong federal government, a loose interpretation of the U.S. constitution, a bank of the united states, and revenue tariffs.)

Question 28

Democratic republican party

Answer 28

political party associated with Thomas Jefferson. democratic republicans supported france in its war agianst britian. (domestically, federalists supported states’ rights and a strict interpretation of the U.S. constitution. they were opposed to a bank of the united states and revenue tariffs.)

Question 29

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 29

chief author of the declaration of independence, govenor of Virginia during the american revolution, U.S. minister to France after the Revolution, second vice-president, and third president of the united states. leader of the democratic repbulican party

Question 30

James madison

Answer 30

virginia planter, political theorist, delegate to the constitutional convention, and co-author of the Federalist papers. his work in creating the U.S. constitution and the bill of rights has earned him the title “father of the constitution.” Leader of the democratic-republican party

Question 31

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 31

first secretary of the treasury who funded the national debt through excise taxes, tariffs, and the sale of western land. as secretary of treasury he also used the power of the national government to assume state debts and create a bank of the united states. leader of the federalist party

Question 32

northwest ordinances

Answer 32

as settlers moved westward in the 178.s, the U.S. congress under the articles of confederation enacted the Northwest ordinance for admitting new states and sought to promote public education, the protection of private property, and the restriction of slavery in the northwest territory.

Question 33

federalists

Answer 33

political party created in the 1790s. led by alexander hamilton, the federalists favored a stronger national government. supported primarily by the bankers and moneyed interests.

Question 34

democratic-republicans

Answer 34

political party created in the 1790s. led by thomas jefferson, the democratic-republican favored limited government and states rights. supported primarily by the “comman man”

Question 35

whig party

Answer 35

political party created in 184 as a coalation of anti-jackson political leaders.

Question 36

andrew jackson

Answer 36

Leader of the democrats who became the seventh president of the united states (1829-1837)

Question 37

henry clay

Answer 37

leader of the whig party who proposed an “american system” to make the united states economically self-sufficient. clay worked to keep the union together through politcal compromise.

Question 38

market economy

Answer 38

economic system based on the unregulated buying and selling of goods and services. prices are determined by the forces fo suppy and demand

Question 39

american system 1815

Answer 39

henry clay’s proposal to make the U.S. economically self-sufficient. the american system called for protective tariffs, internal improvements at federal expense, and the creation of the second bank of the united states.

Question 40

second great awakening

Answer 40

an upsurge in religious activity that began around 1800 and was characterized by emotional revival meetings. the second great awakening led to several reform movements designed to make life better in this world.

Question 41

Seneca Falls Convention 1848

Answer 41

the first convention in the United States advocation women’s rights. held in seneca falls NY

Question 42

Louisiana purchase 1803

Answer 42

the U.S. purchased the Louisiana territory from the France for $15 milion, doubling the size of the U.S. and giving the U.S. full control of the Mississippi River.

Question 43

Monroe Doctrine 1823

Answer 43

president monroe’s unilateral declaration that the americas would be closed to further european colonization. the doctrine also stated the U.S. would not allow European interference in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere.

Question 44

Missouri Compromise 1820

Answer 44

Law proposed by Heny Clay admitting Missouri to the U.S. as a slave state and main as a free state. the law also banned slavery int he Louisiana territory north of latitude 36degrees by 30degrees

Question 45

manifest destiny

Answer 45

belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across the North American continent

Question 46

mexican-american war 1846-48

Answer 46

war caused by a territorial dispute between the U.S. and mexico that led to mexico ceding land to the U.S.

Question 47

Mexican Cession 1848

Answer 47

the region of the present day southwestern united states that mexico ceded to the U.S. in the treaty of guadalupe hidalgo

Question 48

gadsden purchase 1853

Answer 48

strip of land in present day Arizona and New Mexico that the U.S. purchased from Mexico as a route for building a southern transcontinental railroad. (the southern railroad was completed in 1882.)

Question 49

compromise of 1850

Answer 49

attempt ot reconxile norherners and southerners over the issue of slavery. the compromise, written by Henry Clay, admitted California as a free state and called for popular sovereignty in New Mexico and Utah. the compromise also inclded a strong fugitive slave law and the end of the slave trade in D.C.

Question 50

Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854

Answer 50

Law that allowed the Kansas and Nebraska territories to decide the issue of slave through popular sovereignty. the law led to civil war in kansas, creating what many called “bleeding kansas”

Question 51

Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857

Answer 51

after ruling that people of African descent were not citizens and could not sue in court, the supreme court under chief justice roger taney affirmed the right of slave owners to take their slaves into the western territories, negating the doctrine of popular sovereignty and repealing the Missouri Compromise.

Question 52

republican party 1854

Answer 52

political party formed after the whig party split over the kansas nebraska act. the republican party, which was a northern and western party, opposed the extension of slavery into the western territories.

Question 53

abraham lincoln

Answer 53

illinois republican elected president of the unitd states in 1860 oon a platform calling for not slavery in the territories. his election prompted southern states to secede, leading to the civil war.

Question 54

emancipation proclamtion 1863

Answer 54

lincoln’s executive order abolishing slavery in all states rebelling agianst the united states. Lincoln issued the proclamation as a military necessity

Question 55

gettysburg address 1863

Answer 55

president Lincoln’s short speech to dedicate a cemetery after the battle of gettysburg. Lincoln used the speech to define th United States as a nation based on the principle of equality found in the declaration of independence.

Question 56

13th amendment 1865

Answer 56

constitutional amendment that abolished slavery in the united states and its territories.

Question 57

14th amendment 1868

Answer 57

constitutional amendment that made former slaves citizens and guaranteed them equal protection of the laws.

Question 58

15th amendment 1870

Answer 58

constitutional amendment that prohibited states from denying anyone the right to vote due to race or whether the person had once been a slave. a provision to allow women the right to vote was debated but not added to the amendment

Question 59

Radical Republicans

Answer 59

faction of the republicans party that opposed moderation or conciliation toward the south. radical republicans opposed slavery and supported civil rights for freed slaves. after the civil war they tried to limit presidential power and increase congressional power.