APUSH Gapes of Knowledge Flashcards
(10 cards)
The Nullification Crisis
The Nullification Crisis was a political crisis in the early 1830s where South Carolina threatened to nullify, or void, federal laws, specifically the Tariff of 1828 and the Tariff of 1832. This crisis highlighted the conflict between states’ rights and federal authority, and it nearly led to a civil war.
The corrupt bargain
The accusation that John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay made a deal in the 1824 presidential election. Clay, then Speaker of the House, allegedly agreed to support Adams in exchange for a position in Adams’s cabinet, specifically Secretary of State.
The Temperance Movement
A social reform movement in the 19th and 20th centuries that advocated for moderation or complete abstinence from alcohol consumption. It grew out of the Second Great Awakening, a religious revival, and aimed to address social ills associated with alcohol, such as poverty, crime, and family violence
The 1824 Election
The 1824 election in the United States was highly unusual because no candidate won a majority of the electoral votes. The House of Representatives, per the Constitution, was tasked with deciding the winner. Despite Andrew Jackson receiving the most popular and electoral votes, the House chose John Quincy Adams, sparking the “Corrupt Bargain” controversy.
Utopian communities
experimental social and religious settlements established in the early to mid-19th century, aiming to create ideal societies based on specific philosophies or religious beliefs. These communities sought to escape or reform the perceived flaws of mainstream society, often focusing on concepts like communal living, social equality, and cooperation. Many communities were driven by religious fervor (e.g., The Shakers, The Oneida Community), while others were inspired by social and philosophical ideals (e.g., Brook Farm, New Harmony).
Marbury v. Madison
In APUSH, Marbury v. Madison (1803) is a landmark Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review. This means the Court has the power to declare laws unconstitutional. The case also set the stage for the Supreme Court as the final interpreter of the Constitution.
The Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine, articulated by President James Monroe in 1823, was a U.S. foreign policy statement that opposed European colonization and intervention in the Western Hemisphere. It essentially declared that the Western Hemisphere was off-limits to further European colonization or interference, and the U.S. would view any such intervention as a hostile act.
The Market Revolution
a transformative era that saw the shift from a largely agrarian, subsistence-based economy to a more commercial, market-driven one. This shift was fueled by technological advancements, particularly in transportation (canals, steamboats, railroads), and the expansion of infrastructure, which facilitated the movement of goods and people
Mercentilism
An economic system where a nation prioritizes building up its wealth and power through trade, primarily by exporting goods and limiting imports. Specifically, mercantilism was used by colonizing powers like Great Britain to control trade with their colonies, aiming to gain a favorable balance of trade and increase the mother country’s wealth.
The border states
a group of slave states that remained loyal to the Union despite permitting slavery. These states were strategically located between the North and the South and were crucial for the Union’s war effort. The border states were Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, and West Virginia (which split from Virginia during the war).
