APUSH Industrialization/Immagration Test

Question 1

Pools

Answer 1

Agreements between railroads to divide competitive business, sometimes by dividing traffic but usually by dividing income

Question 2

Rebates

Answer 2

Pay back (such a sum of money).

Question 3

Captains of Industry

Answer 3

businesspeople who are especially successful and powerful.

Question 4

Andrew Carnegie

Answer 4

United States industrialist and philanthropist who endowed education and public libraries and research trusts (1835-1919).

Question 5

John D. Rockefeller

Answer 5

an American oil magnate.

Question 6

Laissez-Faire

Answer 6

the doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs.

Question 7

Interstate Commerce Commision

Answer 7

Charged with ending RR abuses. Court decisions kept it ineffective for a while but set a precedent for action.

Question 8

Munn vs. Illinois

Answer 8

Upheld states’ right to regulate grain elevator rates. SC ruled the constitution allows state “police power” that permit regulation of private property “affected with the public interest”

Question 9

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Answer 9

upheld the rights of states to pass laws allowing or even requiring racial segregation in public and private institutions such as schools, public transportation, restrooms, and restaurants.

Question 10

Muller vs. Oregon

Answer 10

SC let stand an Oregon law limiting women to a 10 hour day becuase it protected womens health
-Kept women out of better paying jobs

Question 11

Brandeis Brief

Answer 11

a pioneering legal brief that was the first in United States legal history to rely more on a compilation of scientific information and social science than on legal citations.

Question 12

Knights of Labor

Answer 12

President Terence Powderly made it into a universal labor union-membership open to skilled, unskilled, female, and minority workers
Goals:
-End child labor
-Equal pay for men and women

Question 13

Haymarket Square Riot

Answer 13

Violence cuased the public views to unions negativley.

• 8 labor leaders were tried and 4 were executed
• Knights of Labor lost membership and ceased to exist

Question 14

Pullman Strike

Answer 14

Pullman cut workers pay, kept his rents and prices in his company store high:

• Effectively shut down U.S. mail
• Government issued an injunction against the workers

Question 15

Closed Shop

Answer 15

A place of work where membership in a union is a condition for being hired and for continued employment

Question 16

Yellow Dog Contract

Answer 16

a labor contract (now illegal) whereby the employee agrees not to join a trade union.

Question 17

Samuel Gompers

Answer 17

United States labor leader (born in England) who was president of the American Federation of Labor from 1886 to 1924 (1850-1924).

Question 18

Eugene Debs

Answer 18

an American union leader, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies), and several times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States

Question 19

Nativism

Answer 19

The policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.

Question 20

Tammany Hall

Answer 20

a New York City political organization founded in 1786 and incorporated on May 12, 1789 as the Tammany Society. It was the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City and New York State politics and helping immigrants, most notably the Irish, rise up in American politics from the 1790s to the 1960s

Question 21

Old Immigrants

Answer 21

The earliest waves of settlers to the Americas, up through the first half of the 19th century

Question 22

Hull House

Answer 22

a settlement house in the United States that was co-founded in 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr.

Question 23

Trusts

Answer 23

An organizational structure that gives control over several business firms, usually in the same industry, to a single board of trustees with the purpose of monopolizing a market.

Question 24

Interlocking Directorates

Answer 24

the practice of members of corporate board of directors serving on the boards of multiple corporation…

Question 25

Robber Barons

Answer 25

an American capitalist of the latter part of the 19th century who became wealthy through exploitation

Question 26

J.P. Morgan

Answer 26

an American financier, banker, philanthropist and art collector who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation during his time.

Question 27

Social Darwinism

Answer 27

Natural selection used to justify massive accumulation of wealth

Question 28

Gospel of Wealth

Answer 28

an article written by Andrew Carnegie in 1889[4] that describes the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich.

Question 29

Pendleton Act

Answer 29

A law passed in 1883 to eliminate political corruption in the federal goverment, it outlawed political contributions by appointed officeholders and established the Civil Service Commission to administer competitive examinations for covered government jobs.

Question 30

Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific RR vs. Illinois

Answer 30

Ruled that states could not regulate RR rates. Only the feds could regulate interstate trade.

Question 31

U.S. vs. E.C. Knight Company

Answer 31

Ruled many companies were exempt from the Sherman Antitrust Act

Question 32

Lochner vs. New York

Answer 32

The case involved a New York law that limited the number of hours that a baker could work each day to ten, and limited the number of hours that a baker could work each week to 60. Supreme Court ruled against

Question 33

Sherman Antitrust Act

Answer 33

"Combinations in restraint of trade were illegal" | -Initially used against unions

Question 34

American Federation of Labor

Answer 34

Samuel Gompers created a federation of trade Unions. Only open to skilled laborers

Question 35

Homestead Strike

Answer 35

Carnegies workers went on strike for better wages - Sent in Pinkerton Detective to break the strike. Warfare erupted - Ended unions in PA for 40 years

Question 36

Great RR Strike

Answer 36

A series of pay cuts for RR workers led to strike that spread across the country. President Hayes sent troops to end the strike

Question 37

Lockout

Answer 37

The exclusion of employees by their employer from their place of work until certain terms are agreed to.

Question 38

Blacklist

Answer 38

A list of people or products viewed with suspicion or disapproval.

Question 39

Terence Powderly

Answer 39

a highly visible national spokesman for the working man as head of the Knights of Labor from 1879 until 1893.

Question 40

Henry Frick

Answer 40

a Whig member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania..

Question 41

Populism

Answer 41

the political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite.

Question 42

New Immigrants

Answer 42

Immigrants primarily from Southern and Eastern Europe, Asia, and Middle East. -1800s-present

Question 43

Settlement House

Answer 43

An institution in an inner-city area providing educational, recreational, and other social services to the community.

Question 44

American Protective Association

Answer 44

an American anti-Catholic society similar to the Know Nothings..