APUSH Period 4 test Flashcards
Abolitionist
The support for complete immediate and uncompensated into slavery
American System
An economic region pioneered by Henry Clay I created the high tariffs to support internal improvements such as Road building. This approach was intended to allow the United States to grow and prosper by themselves. This would have been truly helped America industrialize and become an economic
Temperance
Evangelical protest created in 1826; they followed Lyman Beecher in The Mending total abstinence from alcohol. They didn’t announce the evil of drinking and promoted the explosion of drinkers from church
Andrew Jackson
- The first president from the west and he represented many of the characteristics of the West Jackson appealed to the Common Man and was said to be one. He believes in the strength of the union and the supremacy of the federal government over the state
Eli Whitney
American inventor who perfected the cotton gin, consequently revolutionizing the cotton industry.
Erie Canal
The 350-mile canal stretching from Buffalo to Albany, and revolutionize shipping in New York state
Henry Clay
Distinguished senator from Kentucky he was a strong supporter of the American system, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as the Great compromiser. (responsible for the Missouri Compromise)
Suffrage
the right to vote in political elections
Marbury v. Madison
a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review in the United States, meaning that American courts have the power to strike down laws and statutes that they find to violate the Constitution of the United States.
Jacksonian Democrats
a 19th-century political philosophy in the United States that expanded suffrage to most white men over the age of 21, and restructured a number of federal institutions
Whigs
a member of the British reforming and constitutional party that sought the supremacy of Parliament and was eventually succeeded in the 19th century by the Liberal Party.
Second national bank
the second federally authorized Hamiltonian national bank in the United States
Internal improvements
public works from the end of the American Revolution through much of the 19th century, mainly for the creation of a transportation infrastructure: roads, turnpikes, canals, harbors and navigation improvements
Tariff of abominations
sought to protect northern and western agricultural products from competition with foreign imports; however, the resulting tax on foreign goods would raise the cost of living in the South and would cut into the profits of New England’s industrialists
Market revolution
a theory in which the United States shifted from a traditional, moral economy to a more modern free-market capitalist system
Second Great Awakening
American Protestant Christians’ beliefs changed during the early 19th century in a period known as the Second Great Awakening. Marked by a wave of enthusiastic religious revivals, the Second Great Awakening set the stage for equally enthusiastic social reform movements, especially abolitionism and temperance
Utopian movements
followed the principles of simplicity, celibacy, common property, equal labor and reward espoused by their founder Mother Ann Lee. Religious and Utopian communities dotted the countryside during the 1800s.
Romanticism
a movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual
Perfectionism
Perfectionism was a manifestation of the mid-19th-century enthusiasm for liberal social and religious beliefs that particularly affected New England, and was allied in temperament to the spirit that created Millerism, Shaker communities, Come-outers, and even Transcendentalism
Gradual emancipation
Gradual emancipation was a legal mechanism used by some states to abolish slavery over a period of time, such as An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery of 1780 in Pennsylvania
Seneca Falls convention
the first woman’s rights convention. It advertised itself as “a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of women ‘’.
John Marshall
an American politician and lawyer who served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 until his death in 1835
William Lloyd Garrison
a prominent American Christian, abolitionist, journalist, suffragist, and social reformer
Frederick Douglass
an American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman. After escaping from slavery in Maryland, he became a national leader of the abolitionist movement in Massachusetts and New York, becoming famous for his oratory and incisive antislavery writings
Henry David Thoreau
an American naturalist, essayist, poet, and philosopher. A leading transcendentalist, he is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay “Civil Disobedience”, an argument for disobedience to an unjust state
Joseph Smith
an American religious leader and founder of Mormonism and the Latter Day Saint movement.
