APUSH Semester 1 Exam Flashcards
(291 cards)
1
Q
What impact did European Colonization have on the Western Hemisphere?
A
Native populations were often killed off or driven away by Europeans.
2
Q
Which English Colony was established by proprietors that also had investments in the slave trade and therefore introduced slavery to their colony?
A
Virginia
3
Q
What single cause was responsible for the death of so many Jamestown settlers?
A
j
4
Q
The Mayflower Compact is significant because
A
It was a first step toward colonial self government.
5
Q
All thirteen original colonies were founded in the seventeenth century except for
A
j
6
Q
The colony of Georgia was established
A
by England as a penal colony
7
Q
What was the single most important qualification for voting in the provincial governments of Massachusetts Bay Colony?
A
Land ownership
8
Q
Bacon’s Rebellion was triggered by
A
j
9
Q
What were some of the results of the Great Awakening? (4)
A
> Many new churches were established
a new wave of christian missionaries attempted to convert Indians and slaves
several colleges and universities were founded
a heightened sense of sectional and regional differences developed.
10
Q
How did New England settles’ ideas about and differ from those of the Indians they encountered?
A
The Indians did not believe land could by privately owned
11
Q
What was true about early slaves? (4)
A
> They were primarily men
initially worked on isolated farms
some were able to buy their own freedom
slaves had great social contact with each other
12
Q
Why did New England leaders block women from retaining separate property and inheriting their husband’s estates the way southern women did?
A
j
13
Q
Which idea were introduced by the Zenger Trial?
A
Freedom of the press
14
Q
Who played a crucial role in developing the America character?
A
Benjamin Franklin
15
Q
Who argued that “no thinking a thing wrong gives it a superficial appearance of being right and raises at first a formidable outcry in defense of custom” in support of the Revolutionary movement?
A
Thomas Paine
16
Q
Which group was responsible for bringing the issue of slavery to the early Congress shortly after the ratification of the Constitution?
A
j
17
Q
Which document is an example of Benjamin Franklin’s satirical talents?
A
“Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One”
18
Q
What did Abigail Adams argue in favor of?
A
j
19
Q
The “Declaration of Independence” was written by
A
Thomas Jefferson
20
Q
What was the “miracle of Philadelphia?”
A
The creation of the Constitution
21
Q
Federalists favored placing power at what level of government?
A
Central government
22
Q
Who served as Vice President under George Washington?
A
John Adams
23
Q
What were the central ideas of George Washington’s “Farewell Address”? (4)
A
> limiting the nation’s participation in alliances
avoiding factionalism
the importance of religion and morality
cautions against a powerful military establishment
24
Q
How was the “Farewell Address” given?
A
It was published in the Philadelphia newspaper
25
Who participated in a duel on July 11, 1804?
Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr
26
What foreign affair dominated Jon Adams' Presidency?
j
27
John Adams stated, "During the whole time I sat with him in Congress, I never heard him utter three sentences together." Who is Adams referring to?
j
28
The communication between John Adams and James Sullivan established Adam's belief that women
j
29
Who were the "Hessians"?
German mercenaries
30
Which of the two Founding Brothers died on the same day, the 4th of July?
Thomas Jefferson and John Adams
31
(T/F) Settlers in Virginia were outnumbered by Indians and therefor could not enslave them.
True
32
(T/F) The regular Atlantic slave trade was started by the English.
False
33
(T/F) Most Africans were allowed to keep their language, culture, and religion in the English colonies.
False.
34
(T/F) Slavery existed in the African societies.
True
35
(T/F) The social division between whites and blacks was established in colonial Virginia by codes and court decisions.
True
36
(T/F) Slaveholders rarely feared that there would be a slave revolt.
False.
37
(T/F) The conditioning of the black slave was both physical and psychological.
True.
38
(T/F) Poor whites and slaves were treated the same by the laws of colonial Virginia.
False
39
(T/F) Nathaniel Bacon was a landless, poor immigrant.
False
40
(T/F) Bacon's Rebellion was both anti-aristocratic and anti-Indian.
True.
41
(T/F) The economy of Virginia in 1676 was thriving.
False.
42
(T/F) The Virginia House of Burgesses was the first representative body in America.
True
43
(T/F) Indentured Servants were bought and told like slaves.
True
44
(T/F) By 1770, approximately 20% of the population of the colonies was black.
True
45
(T/F) In general, in the 1700s, the wealthy were prospering and the poor were suffering.
True
46
(T/F) Division between Indians, slaves and the poor helped the wealthy and middle class maintain their status.
True
47
How did slaves adapt the Christian religion to make it their own?
They infused their worship with singing and dancing.
48
The largest social group of white Virginians were
small farmers
49
What was the "middle passage"?
The transatlantic journey that brought slaves to the Americas
50
What attempt was made to maintain the devotion of the Puritan congregation after a clear decline in piety during the 17th Century?
Half Way Covenant
51
While slavery might have begun in America for economic reasons, what else powerfully molded the American slave system?
Racial discrimination
52
After 1680, reliance of slave labor in colonial American rapidly increased because? (4)
>higher wages in England reduced number of emigrating servants
>planters feared the growing number of landless freemen in the colonies
>the British Royal African company lost its monopoly on the slave trade in colonial America
>americans rushed to cash in on slave trade
53
The slave culture that developed in America
was derived exclusively from African roots
54
Compared with most seventeenth century Europeans, Americans lived in
affluent abundance
55
Bacon's Rebellion was supported mainly by
young men frustrated by their inability to acquire land.
56
For those Africans who were sold into slavery, the "middle passage" can best be described as
the gruesome ocean voyage to America
57
What did the Half-Way Covenant do?
admitted to baptism but not full membership to the unconverted children of existing members.
58
What were the consequences of the Half-Way Covenant? (4)
>weakened the distinction between the "elect" and others
>conferred partial membership rights in the once-exclusive congregations
>increased the numbers of church membership
>women became the majority in the Puritan congregations
59
During the Salem witchcraft trials, most of the accused witches were
property-owning men
60
What caused many Scots to migrate to Northern Ireland and thence to America? (4)
>the poor quality of farmland in Scotland
>the spread of commercial farming
>extremely high rent increase
>paying taxes to support the Anglican church
61
What was the Scots-Irish stance on religion?
advocated the policy of established churches
62
With regard to governmental authority the Scots-Irish colonists
cherished no love for the British of any other government
63
On the eve of the American Revolution, why did social and economic mobility decrease?
some merchants made huge profits as military suppliers.
64
What did the "new light" preachers of the Great Awakening oppose?
the emotionalism of the revivalists
65
What did the Great Awakening do? (4)
>undermined the prestige of the learned clergy in the colonies
>split the colonial churches into several competing denominations
>led to the founding of Princeton, Dartmouth, and Rutgers colleges
>was the first spontaneous mass movement of the American people
66
Who was often called the "first civilized American"?
Benjamin Franklin
67
Which churches n 1775 were the only two established (tax supported) in America?
Congregational and Anglican
68
What was the largest non-English ethnic group in colonial America in 1775?
Africans
69
What was the population of the thirteen colonies in American like?
the most diverse in the world, although it remained predominantly Anglo-Saxon.
70
What did the triangular trade of the colonial American shipping industry involve?
the trading of rum for African slaves.
71
France was finally able to join in the scramble for colonies in the New World as a result of
the end of the religious wars
72
What was the one valuable resource in New France?
beavers
73
Who were the coureurs debois?
French Fur trappers
74
What were the French motives in the New World?
to compete with Spain for an empire in America
75
Where did the War of Jenkins's Ear take place?
the Caribbean Sea and Georgia.
76
The clash between Britain and France for control of the North American continent sprang from their rivalry for control over
The Ohio River Valley
77
What was different about the Seven Years' War that was unlike the first three Anglo-French wars?
it was fought initially on the North American continent
78
What did the Seven Years' War end for the American colonies?
the myth of British invincibilty
79
Where did the Acadians go when the left Canada?
Lousianna
80
What did the Proclamation of 1763 do?
prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.
81
(T/F) The French empire in North America rested on an economic foundation of forestry and sugar production.
False
82
(T/F) Native Americans were more likely to ally with the French over the British.
True
83
(T/F) George Washington was initially defeated at For Duquesne.
False
84
(T/F) The French and Indian War was part of a larger world war fought on at least three continents.
True
85
(T/F) The removal of the French threat made American colonists more secure and therefore less reliant on the mother country for protection.
True
86
(T/F) The War of Jenkins's Ear was literally a war started over the cutting of an ear.
True.
87
(T/F) The American colonists were proud to return the captured Louisbourg to the French.
False
88
(T/F) The French American colonies included Detroit.
True
89
(T/F) "Join or Die" was a phase coined and promoted by George Washington.
False
90
(T/F) The Huguenots were a group of French Protestants who traveled North American with the mission of converting Indians on behalf of the French crown.
False
91
Who was the soldier and explorer whose leadership earned him the title of "Father of New France"?
Samuel de Champlain
92
France was finally able to join in the scramble for colonies in the New World as a result of the
end of the religious wars
93
What was the government in New France (Canada)?
almost completely autocratic
94
What was the one valuable resource in New France?
beavers
95
Who were the coureurs de bois?
French fur trappers
96
Why did the population in Catholic New France grow very slowly?
the French government was more concerned with its Caribbean island colonies
97
What was the primary economic pursuit of the early settlers in New France?
fur trapping
98
Why did the French was control of Louisiana?
because they would then control the mouth of the Mississippi
99
What were the early wars between France and Britain in North America notable for?
they used guerrilla warfare
100
Where did the War of Jenkins's Ear take place?
the Caribbean Sea and Georgia
101
Why were the New England colonists outraged when British diplomats returned Louisbourg to France in 1748?
it tarnished and minimized the victory of the colonists in battle
102
The clash between the British and France for control of the North America continent sprang from their rivalry for control of
the Ohio River Valley
103
What was the Seven Years' War also known as?
The French and Indian War.
104
What did the colonial wars before 1754 demonstrate in the Americans?
an astonishing lack of unity
105
What was the immediate purpose of the Albany Congress of 1754?
to keep the Iroquois tribes loyal to the British
106
What was different about the Seven Years' War that was unlike the first three Anglo-French wars?
was initially fought on the North American continent
107
What was the long range purpose of the Albany Congress of 1754?
achieve colonial unity and common defense against the French threat
108
What is significant about the 1759 Battle of Quebec?
It ranks as one of the most significant victories in British and American history
109
What was the result of the peace arrangements of the Seven Years' War?
France surrendered all of its territorial claims to North America
110
What did the Seven Years' War end for American colonists?
the myth of British invincibility
111
What stopped during the Seven Years' War in America?
trade with Spain and France
112
The Seven Years' War began to melt what that had long existed in the American colonies.
disunity, jealousy, and suspicion
113
The disunity that existed in the colonies before the Seven Years' War can be attributed to? (4)
>the enormous distance between the colonies
>geographical barriers like rivers
>conflicting religions
>varied nationalities
114
Where did the Acadians go when they left Canada?
Louisiana
115
What arose from the British and American victory in the Seven Years' War?
a new spirit of independence as the French threat disappeared
116
In a sense, when did the history of the United States begin?
the fall of Quebec and Monreal
117
Why did Chief Pontiac decide to lead a rebellion?
because the French government had promised to help
118
Who took on a colonial leadership role as part of the Albany Congress?
Benjamin Franklin
119
What was the government like under the Articles of Confederation?
Very unorganized. Weak federal government because the people feared it would become a tyrant. The federal government was only allowed to respond to collective problems quickly, which led to a lack of common national currency and the federal government unable to collect federal taxes.
120
What was the difference between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan?
The Virginia Plan wanted the number of representatives in Congress to be based on population- benefited the large states because they would have more power in congress.
The New Jersey Plan wanted the number of representatives in Congress to be equal for every state- 2 representatives.
121
What was the major difference between the Federalists and the Republicans?
The Federalists wanted a strong central governments, while the Republicans wanted strong state governments.
122
What was the feud between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson?
This feud existed because they were the leaders of different factions. Hamilton favored a strong central government and manufacturing economy. Jefferson favored strong states governments and a farming society.
123
What was the main idea of James Madison's Federalist No. 10?
To convince the people that a stronger central government would be okay and that they would prevent it from becoming a tyrant.
124
How did the Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans present themselves? (4)
>strong supporters of state's rights
>strict constructionists
>protectors of agrarian purity
>believers of political and economic liberty
125
Where did Thomas Jefferson receive the bulk of his support from?
the South and West
126
Why was Thomas Jefferson's "Revolution of 1800" remarkable?
it marked the peaceful and orderly transfer of power on the basis of election results accepted by all parties.
127
What did Thomas Jefferson believe his mission as president was? (4)
>halt the decay of virtue
>check the growth of the republican party
>restore the republic experiment
>return to the original spirit of the revolution
128
As president, Thomas Jefferson's stand on several political issues that he had previously championed
were reversed from his pre-president self.
129
What was the result Thomas Jefferson's election to president on the Democratic-Republican party?
They grew less unified as the federalist party began to fade and lose power
130
What did Thomas Jefferson do to the major Federalist economic programs when he became president?
he left practically all of them intact.
131
Why did Thomas Jefferson and his followers oppose John Adams' last minute appointment of new federal judges?
because it was an attempt by a defeated party to entrench itself in the government
132
Before he was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, John Marshall's service at Valley Forge helped convince him of?
the drawbacks of feeble central authority
133
As Chief justice of the United States, what did John Marshall help ensure?
that the political and economic systems were based on strong central government.
134
What question did the Marbury vs. Madison case involve?
who had the right to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional
135
Why did Thomas Jefferson distrust large standing armies?
because they could be used to establish a dictatorship
136
Why did Thomas Jefferson see navies as less dangerous than armies?
because they could not march inland and endanger liberties
137
When did Thomas Jefferson cease his opposition to the expansion of the navy?
when the Pasha of Tripoli declared war on the United States
138
Why did Thomas Jefferson decided to make an alliance with his old enemy, Britain?
in order to purchase New Orleans from France
139
Why was Thomas Jefferson conscience-srticken about the Louisiana Purchase from France?
he believed that the purchase was unconstitutional
140
What did the Lewis and Clark expedition through the Louisiana Territory yield? (4)
>knowledge of the Indians of the region
>a rich harvest of scientific observations
>maps
>hair-raising adventure stories
141
What did Aaron Burr do after killing Alexander Hamilton?
he plotted to divide the United States
142
What was the British policy of impressment?
a kind of forced enlistment
143
What did the Chesapeake incident involve?
the flagrant use of impressment
144
What did President Jefferson's foreign policy of economic coercion do?
stimulated manufacturing in the United States
145
What did Macon's Bill No. 2 do?
permitted trade with all nations but promised that if either Britain of France lifted its commercial restrictions on American trade, the United States would stop trading with the other
146
What was President James Madison's major foreign policy mistake?
he accepted Napoleon's promise to recognize America's rights
147
Why did the war hawks demand war with Britain? (4)
>they wanted to defend american rights
>gain more territory
>revenge the manhandling of American sailors
>wipe out renewed Indian resistance
148
What did Tecumseh argue?
that Indians should not cede control of land to whites unless all Indians agreed
149
Why did James Madison turn to war in 1812?
to restore the confidence in the republican experiment
150
(T/F) Thomas Jefferson agreed that since the states had created the federal government, they should be able to challenge it.
True
151
(T/F) The strength of Thomas Jefferson's and John Adams' friendship is evident in their agreement on the U.S. Constitution and their unfailing support for each other politically?
False
152
(T/F) Thomas Jefferson thought of himself as a farmer scientist first and then a politician.
True
153
(T/F) In Thomas Jefferson's inaugural address, he proudly recognized his anti-federalist supporters and offered them priority because he believed that their vision was what was best for the republic at the time.
True
154
Was the United States militarily prepared when it entered the War of 1812?
No.
155
What was the most devastating defeat suffered by the British during the War of 1812?
the Battle of New Orleans
156
What did the Battle of New Orleans unleash?
a wave of nationalism and self-confidence
157
What did the resolutions from the Hartford Convention cause?
the death of the Federalist party
158
The Era of Good Feelings
j
159
What was the one issue during the 1820s and 1830s that greatly raised the political stakes?
slavery
160
John Quincy Adams
j
161
Andrew Jackson's inauguration
j
162
What did the spoils system under Andrew Jackson result in?
the appointment of many corrupt and incompetent officials to federal jobs
163
Andrew Jackson's administration
j
164
What was one of the positive aspects of the Bank of the United States?
its promotion of economic expansion by making credit abundant
165
Who helped Texas gain it's independence?
the Americans
166
Who was "Tippecanoe" in the Whigs' 1840 campaign slogan?
William Harrison
167
Two political parties
j
168
people moved into the old northwest
j
169
What was the first state entirely west of the Mississippi River to be carved out of the Louisiana Territory?
Missouri
170
What were the results of the Missouri Compromise? (4)
>extremists in both the North and the South were not satisfied
>Missouri entered the union as a slave state
>Maine entered the union as a free state
>the balance between the North and the South was kept even
171
in interpreting the constitution, John Marshall
j
172
the united states diplomat
j
173
Monroe Doctrine
j
174
Why did the election of Andrew Jackson mark a significant change in American social and political life?
there was a transformation from the aristocracy to the average man
175
What was the concept of the "spoils system" in the 1820s?
it was as simple expression of the idea that personnel should be replaced by supporters of the party that the public vote for
176
Who did Andrew Jackson more closely identify with when it came to the national banking system?
Thomas Jefferson's views
177
What did John Adams and Thomas Jefferson agree with each other on aristocracy?
that there is an aristocracy based on virtue and talents
178
What did the Adams and Jefferson letters exchanged in 1813 reveal?
that they did not necessarily believe in a government by the people.
179
Based on he letters exchanged between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, what could one conclude?
that they would most likely support the Jacksonian Revolution of the 1820s and 1830s
180
How did Andrew Jackson justify his veto of the Veto of the Bank Renewal Bill?
that the bank is a government granted monopoly that does not benefit the whole of the American public
181
Which branch of government, according to Andrew Jackson, is ultimately responsible for the bank?
the executive branch
182
What does Andrew Jackson assert?
government abuses are evil
183
Based on the letters between Thomas Jefferson and John Adams, who would Andrew Jackson probably agree with most?
Thomas Jefferson because Jackson understands the artificial aristocracy based on wealth and birth which Jefferson mentions, while Adams mentions a natural aristocracy which Jackson discredits by moving up in society.
184
What was true about the American regular army on the eve of the War of 1812? (4)
>they were ill trained and ill disciplined
>the were widely scattered
>most of the generals were left over from the Revolutionary War and lacked vigor and vision
>there was no burning national anger to unite them
185
What is the global perspective of the War of 1812?
of little importance
186
What were the diplomatic and economic terms of the War of 1812?
it bred greater American independence?
187
What was one of the most important by-products of the War of 1812?
a heightened spirit of nationalism
188
What did the Battle of New Orleans unleash?
a wave of nationalism and self-confidence
189
What was the Era of Good Feelings?
a misnomer because the period was a troubled one
190
What did the demise f the Federalist party result in?
the Democratic-Republicans established a one-party rule
191
What was one of the major causes of the panic of 1819?
overspeculation in frontier lands
192
What were the results of the Missouri Compromise? (4)
>extremists in both the North and the South were not satisfied
>missouri entered the union as a slave state
>maine entered the union as a free state
>the balance between the north and south was kept even
193
How did John Marshall interpret the Constitution?
he favored a "look construction"
194
How did Chief Justice Marshall rule in McCulloch v. Maryland, Cohens v.Virginia, and Gibbons v. Ogden?
he limited the extent of the state's rights
195
Who was the United States' most successful diplomat during the Era of Good Feelings?
John Q. Adams
196
What did Andrew Jackson use his military exploits for?
to gain possession of Florida from the Spanish
197
Why did Britain oppose Spain reestablishing it's authority in Latin American countries that had successfully revolted?
because the parts of the nations were now open to lucrative trade
198
What was the Monroe Doctrine?
an expression of the illusion of deepening American isolationism from world affaris
199
What was the first state entirely west of the Mississippi River to be carved out of the Louisiana Purchase?
Missouri
200
What did Henry Clay's American System call for?
protective tariffs
201
What was the rapid growth and development of the West after 1815 stimulated by? (4)
>the lure of cheap lands to easterners and european immigrants
>construction of new roads through the mountains into the west
>the subduing of the Indian tribes during the War of 1812
>the spanish wanting american settlers to populate Texas
202
What did John Marshall's decisions as Chief Justice reveal about his beliefs?
he believed in a strong central government
203
What was the Monroe Doctrine essentially intended to prevent?
new European colonies from being established in the western hemisphere
204
What did the Rush-Bagot agreement do?
limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes
205
What did the Russo-American Treaty of 1824 do?
fixed the southernmost limits of Russian occupation of North America at the forty second parallel
206
What was the great issue in the 1820s and 1830s that raised political stakes?
slavery
207
John Quincy Adams,elected 1825, was accused of having stuck a "corrupt bargain" when he appointed who to the secretary of state?
Henry Clay
208
What did John Quincy Adams do as president?
was one of the least successful presidents in American history
209
What did the spoils system in America under Andrew Jackson result in?
the appointment of many corrupt and incompetent officials to federal jobs
210
What did Southerners fear the Tariff of 1828 (Tariff of Abominations/The Black Tariff)?
because this same power could be used to suppress slavery
211
What did the "nullification crisis" of 1832-1833 erupt over?
tariff policy
212
Where did the strong regional support for the Tariff of 1833 come from?
the South
213
What did the Force Bill of 1833 state?
that the president could use the army and navy to collect federal tariff duties
214
Why did Andrew Jackson's administration support the removal of Native Americans from the eastern states?
because whites wanted the Indians' land
215
What was the policy of the Jackson administration toward the eastern Indian tribes?
forced removal
216
What charges did Andrew Jackson make against the Bank of the United States? (4)
>the bank was anti-western
>it was controlled by an elite moneyed aristocracy
>the bank was autocratic and tyrannical
>profit, not public service, was the first priority
217
Who did the Anti-Masonic party of 1832 appeal to?
American suspicions of secret societies
218
When did Americans move into Texas?
after an agreement was concluded between Mexican authorities and Stephen Austin
219
Who helped Texas gain its independence?
Americans
220
What did the Democratic and Whigs party have in common?
they were both mass-based political parties
221
his resistance was crushed in 1832 by US armed forces including Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis
Black Hawk
222
Site of the defeat of the Texas rebels
Alamo
223
site of General Sam Houston's defeat of Santa Ana
San Jacinto
224
his support for a national university and astronomical observatory was ill received
John Q. Adams
225
authored the Star Spangled Banner
Francis Scott Key
226
president of the Bank of the United States
Nicholas Biddle
227
conflict which began when Daniel Webster and Henry Clay proposed a renewal of the Bank of the United States' charter four years before its expiration
Bank War
228
What was the Manifest Destiny belief?
God had destined the United States to expand across the whole North American continent
229
What American ship that supplied Canadian rebels, was sunk by British forces, sparking an international crisis between Britain and the US?
the Carolina
230
Why did the British finally agree to concede to the US the disputed Oregon territory between the Columbia River and the forty-ninth parallel?
they did not really want to fight a war over territory that American settles might overrun
231
What was the Aroostook War?
a battle between American and Canadian lumberjacks over the northern Maine boundary
232
Why did Britain support an independent Texas?
j
233
Why did Henry Clay lose the 1844 election to James K. Polk?
his attempt to straddle the Texas annexation issue lost him votes to the antislavery Liberty party in New York
234
What were some of James K. Polk's goals? (4)
>lower tariff
>restoring an independent treasury
>settle the land dispute in Oregon
>acquire California
235
What was the direct cause of the Mexican War?
mexico's refusal to sell California to the United States
236
What did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (ending the Mexican War) provide for?
j
237
What was the major domestic cause of the Mexican War?
a sharp revival of the issue of slavery
238
What did the Wilmot Proviso declare?
slavery would be banned from all territories that Mexico ceded to the United States
239
What was the largest single addition to American territory?
the Mexican Cession
240
What does "spot resolutions" refer to?
Congressmen Abraham Lincoln's resolution demanding that President Polk specify the exact spot, on American soil, where American blood had supposedly been shed
241
How did the Second Great Awakening impact the Christian church and American society?
revived the christian church and caused many people to convert because christian reigns were loosened so that more could join. methodists and babtists became more popular and was a shift away from the anglican church
242
(T/F) Almost all of the oral history of slaves in America was lost by the 1940s
False
243
(T/F) By 1860, most northerners had come to agree with the abolitionists that slavery was an evil to be immediately abolished.
False
244
(T/F) After about 1830, all criticism of slavery was suppressed in the South, including a prohibition of delivery of abolitionist material through U.S mail
true
245
(T/F) Despite outlawing the international slave trade in 1807-1808, African slaves continued to be smuggled into the United States as well as Brazil and the West Indies
True
246
(T/F) The greatest opposition to abolitionism in the North and Britain came from evangelical Christians.
False
247
(T/F) Slave traders would not separate mothers from children
False
248
(T/F) The most prominent black abolitionist, Frederick Douglas, supported William Llyod Garrison's absolutist principles and refusal to seek a political solution to the sin of slavery
False
249
(T/F) The "Gag Resolution" was passed in the House of Representatives in order to promote debate on the abolition of slavery
False
250
(T/F) The growing of cotton on large plantations was economically efficient and agriculturally sound
False
251
(T/F) In the 1820s, there were more anti-slavery organizations south of the Mason-Dixon line than north of it
True
252
What was popular sovereignty?
created by General Lewis Cass, was the idea that issues should be decided by the people of their specific state. specifically, slavery
253
Who were the "free soilers"?
a group of people and a political party that supported the Wilmot Proviso, opposed the Mexican-American War from the beginning, and opposed slavery
254
What was the Underground Railroad?
a secret organizations that led slaves to freedom in the north
255
Why was the Gadsden Purchase significant?
this area of land was needed to build the transcontinental railroad to connect the east to the west. it was just south of the Rocky Mountains and the land was organized, meaning that Indian attacks could be diffused by the US army
256
What were most white southerners?
subsistence farmers
257
About how many white southerners owned slaves or belonged to slave holding families?
1/4
258
Why did the majority of southern whites not own slaves?
the could not afford the purchase price
259
Who were most slaves in the south owned by?
plantation owners
260
What was the result of the introduction of the cotton gin?
slavery was reinvigorated
261
Why was German and Irish immigration to the south discouraged?
competition with slave labor
262
What was the theme of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin?
the enforced separation of slave families
263
How did slaves fight the system of slavery? (4)
>slowing down the work pace
>sabotaging expensive equipment
>pilfering goods that their labor had produced
>running away when possible
264
How was the theory of biological racial superiority developed?
the white southerners' treated the slaves brutally and feared potential slave rebellions
265
In pre-Civil War South, what was the most uncommon and least successful form of slave resistance?
armed insurrection
266
What was the result of the United States' victory in the Mexican War? (4)
>renewed controversy over the issue of extending slavery into the territories
>a possible split in the whig and democratic parties over slavery
>the cession by Mexico of an enormous amount of land to the United States
>a rush of settlers to the new American territory in California
267
What would have happened had the Wilmot Proviso been adopted?
it would have prohibited slavery in any territory acquired in the Mexican War
268
What kind of people were going to California during the gold rush?
the majority of them were lawless men
269
What helped cause the Compromise of 1850?
President Zachary Taylor died suddenly and Millard Fillmore became president
270
What did Congress determine in the Compromise of 1850?
slavery in the New Mexico and Utah territories was to be decided by popular sovereignty
271
What was the most alarming aspect of the Compromise of 1850, according to northerners?
the new Fugitive Slave Law
272
Why did many northern states pass "personal liberty laws"?
it was a response to the Compromise of 1850's provision regarding runaway slaves
273
Who opened Japan to the United States?
Matthew Perry
274
What was the scheme to acquire Cuba from Spain in the 1850's called?
Ostend Manifesto
275
What act needed to be repealed for Stephen A. Douglas's plan to decide the slavery question in the Kansas-Nebraska scheme?
j
276
(T/F) The election of 1860 was a decisive, national victory for Abraham Lincoln.
False
277
(T/F) Democratic party politicians and others attempted to avoid the issue of slavery in the territories by saying it should be left up to "popular sovereignty".
True
278
(T/F) Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin proved to be the most influential publication in arousing the northern and european publics against the evils of slavery.
True
279
(T/F) The Dred Scott decision upheld the doctrine of "popular sovereignty".
False
280
(T/F) Pro-southern Kansas pioneers brought dozens of slaves with them in order to guarantee that Kansas would not become a "free" state.
True
281
What was the Lecompton Constitution designed to do?
bring Kansas into the Union as a slave state
282
What was the election of 1856 most notable for?
j
283
Why were Southerners particularly enraged by the John Brown affair?
northerners' celebration of Brown as a martyr seemed to indicate their support for slave insurrection
284
What was the chronological order of the major battles in the Civil War?
j
285
What was the result of the South's victory at Bull Run in 1861?
reinforced the South's strategy of homeland defense
286
Why was it better for the North to have been defeated at the Battle of Bull Run in 1861?
j
287
How can George B. McClellan best be described?
cautious
288
What was General George McClellan's biggest mistake after assuming command of the Army of the Potomac?
he consistently believed that the enemy outnumbered him and proceeded with hesitation
289
What was the result of the Union loss in the Peninsula Campaign?
Lincoln relieved McClellan of his command
290
What was the most alarming Confederate threat to the Union blockade?
the ironclad Merrimack (the Virginia)
291
What happened to the Confederate Merrimack?
j
