APUSH Semester 1 Exam Flashcards
What impact did European Colonization have on the Western Hemisphere?
Native populations were often killed off or driven away by Europeans.
Which English Colony was established by proprietors that also had investments in the slave trade and therefore introduced slavery to their colony?
Virginia
What single cause was responsible for the death of so many Jamestown settlers?
j
The Mayflower Compact is significant because
It was a first step toward colonial self government.
All thirteen original colonies were founded in the seventeenth century except for
j
The colony of Georgia was established
by England as a penal colony
What was the single most important qualification for voting in the provincial governments of Massachusetts Bay Colony?
Land ownership
Bacon’s Rebellion was triggered by
j
What were some of the results of the Great Awakening? (4)
> Many new churches were established
a new wave of christian missionaries attempted to convert Indians and slaves
several colleges and universities were founded
a heightened sense of sectional and regional differences developed.
How did New England settles’ ideas about and differ from those of the Indians they encountered?
The Indians did not believe land could by privately owned
What was true about early slaves? (4)
> They were primarily men
initially worked on isolated farms
some were able to buy their own freedom
slaves had great social contact with each other
Why did New England leaders block women from retaining separate property and inheriting their husband’s estates the way southern women did?
j
Which idea were introduced by the Zenger Trial?
Freedom of the press
Who played a crucial role in developing the America character?
Benjamin Franklin
Who argued that “no thinking a thing wrong gives it a superficial appearance of being right and raises at first a formidable outcry in defense of custom” in support of the Revolutionary movement?
Thomas Paine
Which group was responsible for bringing the issue of slavery to the early Congress shortly after the ratification of the Constitution?
j
Which document is an example of Benjamin Franklin’s satirical talents?
“Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One”
What did Abigail Adams argue in favor of?
j
The “Declaration of Independence” was written by
Thomas Jefferson
What was the “miracle of Philadelphia?”
The creation of the Constitution
Federalists favored placing power at what level of government?
Central government
Who served as Vice President under George Washington?
John Adams
What were the central ideas of George Washington’s “Farewell Address”? (4)
> limiting the nation’s participation in alliances
avoiding factionalism
the importance of religion and morality
cautions against a powerful military establishment
How was the “Farewell Address” given?
It was published in the Philadelphia newspaper
Who participated in a duel on July 11, 1804?
Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr
What foreign affair dominated Jon Adams’ Presidency?
j
John Adams stated, “During the whole time I sat with him in Congress, I never heard him utter three sentences together.” Who is Adams referring to?
j
The communication between John Adams and James Sullivan established Adam’s belief that women
j
Who were the “Hessians”?
German mercenaries
Which of the two Founding Brothers died on the same day, the 4th of July?
Thomas Jefferson and John Adams
(T/F) Settlers in Virginia were outnumbered by Indians and therefor could not enslave them.
True
(T/F) The regular Atlantic slave trade was started by the English.
False
(T/F) Most Africans were allowed to keep their language, culture, and religion in the English colonies.
False.
(T/F) Slavery existed in the African societies.
True
(T/F) The social division between whites and blacks was established in colonial Virginia by codes and court decisions.
True
(T/F) Slaveholders rarely feared that there would be a slave revolt.
False.
(T/F) The conditioning of the black slave was both physical and psychological.
True.
(T/F) Poor whites and slaves were treated the same by the laws of colonial Virginia.
False
(T/F) Nathaniel Bacon was a landless, poor immigrant.
False
(T/F) Bacon’s Rebellion was both anti-aristocratic and anti-Indian.
True.
(T/F) The economy of Virginia in 1676 was thriving.
False.
(T/F) The Virginia House of Burgesses was the first representative body in America.
True
(T/F) Indentured Servants were bought and told like slaves.
True
(T/F) By 1770, approximately 20% of the population of the colonies was black.
True
(T/F) In general, in the 1700s, the wealthy were prospering and the poor were suffering.
True
(T/F) Division between Indians, slaves and the poor helped the wealthy and middle class maintain their status.
True
How did slaves adapt the Christian religion to make it their own?
They infused their worship with singing and dancing.
The largest social group of white Virginians were
small farmers
What was the “middle passage”?
The transatlantic journey that brought slaves to the Americas
What attempt was made to maintain the devotion of the Puritan congregation after a clear decline in piety during the 17th Century?
Half Way Covenant
While slavery might have begun in America for economic reasons, what else powerfully molded the American slave system?
Racial discrimination
After 1680, reliance of slave labor in colonial American rapidly increased because? (4)
> higher wages in England reduced number of emigrating servants
planters feared the growing number of landless freemen in the colonies
the British Royal African company lost its monopoly on the slave trade in colonial America
americans rushed to cash in on slave trade
The slave culture that developed in America
was derived exclusively from African roots
Compared with most seventeenth century Europeans, Americans lived in
affluent abundance
Bacon’s Rebellion was supported mainly by
young men frustrated by their inability to acquire land.
For those Africans who were sold into slavery, the “middle passage” can best be described as
the gruesome ocean voyage to America
What did the Half-Way Covenant do?
admitted to baptism but not full membership to the unconverted children of existing members.
What were the consequences of the Half-Way Covenant? (4)
> weakened the distinction between the “elect” and others
conferred partial membership rights in the once-exclusive congregations
increased the numbers of church membership
women became the majority in the Puritan congregations
During the Salem witchcraft trials, most of the accused witches were
property-owning men
What caused many Scots to migrate to Northern Ireland and thence to America? (4)
> the poor quality of farmland in Scotland
the spread of commercial farming
extremely high rent increase
paying taxes to support the Anglican church
What was the Scots-Irish stance on religion?
advocated the policy of established churches
With regard to governmental authority the Scots-Irish colonists
cherished no love for the British of any other government
On the eve of the American Revolution, why did social and economic mobility decrease?
some merchants made huge profits as military suppliers.
What did the “new light” preachers of the Great Awakening oppose?
the emotionalism of the revivalists
What did the Great Awakening do? (4)
> undermined the prestige of the learned clergy in the colonies
split the colonial churches into several competing denominations
led to the founding of Princeton, Dartmouth, and Rutgers colleges
was the first spontaneous mass movement of the American people
Who was often called the “first civilized American”?
Benjamin Franklin
Which churches n 1775 were the only two established (tax supported) in America?
Congregational and Anglican
What was the largest non-English ethnic group in colonial America in 1775?
Africans
What was the population of the thirteen colonies in American like?
the most diverse in the world, although it remained predominantly Anglo-Saxon.
What did the triangular trade of the colonial American shipping industry involve?
the trading of rum for African slaves.
France was finally able to join in the scramble for colonies in the New World as a result of
the end of the religious wars
What was the one valuable resource in New France?
beavers
Who were the coureurs debois?
French Fur trappers
What were the French motives in the New World?
to compete with Spain for an empire in America
Where did the War of Jenkins’s Ear take place?
the Caribbean Sea and Georgia.
The clash between Britain and France for control of the North American continent sprang from their rivalry for control over
The Ohio River Valley
What was different about the Seven Years’ War that was unlike the first three Anglo-French wars?
it was fought initially on the North American continent
What did the Seven Years’ War end for the American colonies?
the myth of British invincibilty
Where did the Acadians go when the left Canada?
Lousianna
What did the Proclamation of 1763 do?
prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.
(T/F) The French empire in North America rested on an economic foundation of forestry and sugar production.
False
(T/F) Native Americans were more likely to ally with the French over the British.
True
(T/F) George Washington was initially defeated at For Duquesne.
False
(T/F) The French and Indian War was part of a larger world war fought on at least three continents.
True
(T/F) The removal of the French threat made American colonists more secure and therefore less reliant on the mother country for protection.
True
(T/F) The War of Jenkins’s Ear was literally a war started over the cutting of an ear.
True.
(T/F) The American colonists were proud to return the captured Louisbourg to the French.
False
(T/F) The French American colonies included Detroit.
True
(T/F) “Join or Die” was a phase coined and promoted by George Washington.
False
(T/F) The Huguenots were a group of French Protestants who traveled North American with the mission of converting Indians on behalf of the French crown.
False
Who was the soldier and explorer whose leadership earned him the title of “Father of New France”?
Samuel de Champlain
France was finally able to join in the scramble for colonies in the New World as a result of the
end of the religious wars
What was the government in New France (Canada)?
almost completely autocratic
What was the one valuable resource in New France?
beavers
Who were the coureurs de bois?
French fur trappers
Why did the population in Catholic New France grow very slowly?
the French government was more concerned with its Caribbean island colonies
What was the primary economic pursuit of the early settlers in New France?
fur trapping
Why did the French was control of Louisiana?
because they would then control the mouth of the Mississippi
What were the early wars between France and Britain in North America notable for?
they used guerrilla warfare
Where did the War of Jenkins’s Ear take place?
the Caribbean Sea and Georgia
Why were the New England colonists outraged when British diplomats returned Louisbourg to France in 1748?
it tarnished and minimized the victory of the colonists in battle
The clash between the British and France for control of the North America continent sprang from their rivalry for control of
the Ohio River Valley
What was the Seven Years’ War also known as?
The French and Indian War.
What did the colonial wars before 1754 demonstrate in the Americans?
an astonishing lack of unity
What was the immediate purpose of the Albany Congress of 1754?
to keep the Iroquois tribes loyal to the British
What was different about the Seven Years’ War that was unlike the first three Anglo-French wars?
was initially fought on the North American continent
What was the long range purpose of the Albany Congress of 1754?
achieve colonial unity and common defense against the French threat
What is significant about the 1759 Battle of Quebec?
It ranks as one of the most significant victories in British and American history
What was the result of the peace arrangements of the Seven Years’ War?
France surrendered all of its territorial claims to North America
What did the Seven Years’ War end for American colonists?
the myth of British invincibility
What stopped during the Seven Years’ War in America?
trade with Spain and France
The Seven Years’ War began to melt what that had long existed in the American colonies.
disunity, jealousy, and suspicion
The disunity that existed in the colonies before the Seven Years’ War can be attributed to? (4)
> the enormous distance between the colonies
geographical barriers like rivers
conflicting religions
varied nationalities
Where did the Acadians go when they left Canada?
Louisiana
What arose from the British and American victory in the Seven Years’ War?
a new spirit of independence as the French threat disappeared
In a sense, when did the history of the United States begin?
the fall of Quebec and Monreal
