APUSH Terms Semester 1 Part 2

Question 1

Lowell System

Answer 1

This system developed in the textile mills of Lowell, Massachusetts in the 1820s, in these factories as much machinery as possible was used, so that few skilled workers were needed in the production process; the workers were almost all young single farm woman.

Question 2

Loyalists

Answer 2

American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence.

Question 3

Manifest Destiny

Answer 3

This expression was popular in the 1840s. Many people believed that the U.S. was destined to secure territory from “sea to sea,” from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. This rationale drove the acquisition of territory.

Question 4

Marbury v. Madison

Answer 4

The 1803 case in which Chief Justice John Marshall and his associates first asserted the Court’s power of judicial review over acts of Congress, (the Judiciary Act of 1789).

Question 5

Massacre at Wounded Knee

Answer 5

December 28, 1890, battle that was the last military resistance of Native Americans of the Great Plains against American encroachment. 200+ Sioux indians killed.

Question 6

Meat Inspection Act

Answer 6

1906 Act inspired by Upton Sinclair’s “The Jungle”. Laid down binding rules for sanitary meat packing and government inspection of meat products crossing state lines.

Question 7

Mercantilism

Answer 7

Economic system practiced by more European states in the late 17th century to increase a nation’s wealth by government regulation of all of the nation’s commercial interests. Power depended largely on the nations wealth.

Question 8

Mexican-American War

Answer 8

War fought over possession of Texas. Treaty ending war gave US the northern part of Texas territory and the territories of New Mexico and California.

Question 9

Middle Passage

Answer 9

The voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies.

Question 10

Missouri Compromise

Answer 10

Effort to maintain balance between free and slave states, Henry Clay proposed in 1820. Maine admitted to Union as free, Missouri to the Union as slave, and any part of Louisiana Territory north of 36 degrees, 30 minutes would be nonslave territory.

Question 11

Battle of the Monitor and Merrimack/Virginia (Battle of Hampton Roads)

Answer 11

March 9, 1862, During Civil War, naval engagement at a harbour at the mouth of the James River, notable as history’s first duel between ironclad warships and the beginning of a new era of naval warfare.

Question 12

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 12

President James Monroe’s statement forbidding further colonization in the Americas and declaring that any attempt by a foreign country to colonize would be considered an act of hostility.

Question 13

Morrill Land-Grant Act

Answer 13

An act that gave states public land that would allow them to finance land-grant colleges. State governments were given large amounts of land in the wester territories; this land was sold to individual settlers, land speculators, and others. All profits went to establish the colleges.

Question 14

Muckrakers

Answer 14

Journalists of the Progressive era who attempted to expose the evils of government and big business.

Question 15

National American Woman Suffrage Association

Answer 15

Founded in 1869 by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and fought for women to be able to vote, pushed suffrage at a state level, trying to gain support from each state so they can all come together and force the federal government to pass the amendment that allowed women to vote.

Question 16

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

Answer 16

Formed in 1909, this organization fought for and continues to fight for the rights of blacks in America. Originally went to court for the plaintiff in the Brown v. Board of Education case.

Question 17

National Bank

Answer 17

Planned by Alexander Hamilton, who believed this would give economic security and confidence to the new nation.

Question 18

National Consumers League

Answer 18

Formed in 1899, organization was concerned with improving the working and living conditions of women in the workplace.

Question 19

National Security League

Answer 19

Organization founded in 1914 that preached patriotism and preparation for war; in 1915 they successfully lobbied government officials to set up camps to prepare men for military life and combat. In 1917 they lobbied Congress to greatly limit immigration into the country.

Question 20

National Woman’s Party

Answer 20

Formed by Alice Paul after women got the vote, this group lobbied unsuccessfully in the 1920s to get an Equal Rights Amendment for women added to the Constitution.

Question 21

Nativism

Answer 21

Belief that immigration should be greatly limited or banned altogether, since immigrants hurt the United States economically and also threaten the social well-being of the country. Especially strong in the 1920s.

Question 22

Navigation Acts

Answer 22

Laws that required colonists to ship certain products exclusively to England. Made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries.

Question 23

New Immigrants

Answer 23

Immigrants who had come to the US after the 1880s from southern and eastern europe. Majority of immigrants coming to the U.S. after 1900.

Question 24

New Jersey Plan

Answer 24

Opposite of the Virginia Plan, it proposed a single-chamber congress in which each state had one vote. This created a conflict with representation between bigger states, who wanted control befitting their population, and smaller states, who didn’t want to be bullied by larger states.

Question 25

New Nationalism

Answer 25

Roosevelt's progressive political policy that favored heavy government intervention in order to assure social justice.

Question 26

New South

Answer 26

The rise of a South after the Civil War which would no longer be dependent on now-outlawed slave labor or predominantly upon the raising of cotton, but rather a South which was also industrialized and part of a modern national economy

Question 27

Non-Intercourse Act

Answer 27

1809 - Replaced the Embargo of 1807. Unlike the Embargo, which forbade American trade with all foreign nations, this act only forbade trade with France and Britain. It did not succeed in changing British or French policy towards neutral ships, so it was replaced by Macon's Bill No. 2.

Question 28

Northwest Ordinances

Answer 28

Three bills (1784, 1785, 1787) that dealt with the sale of public lands in the Northwest Territory and established a plan for the admission of new states to the Union.

Question 29

Nullification

Answer 29

The theory advanced by John Calhoun in response to the Tariff of 1828 (the Tariff of Abominations); states, acting through a popular convention, could declare a law passed by Congress "null and void" if believed to be unconstitutional.

Question 30

Open Door Policy

Answer 30

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Question 31

Oregon Trail

Answer 31

Pioneer trail that began in Missouri and crossed the Great Plains into the Oregon Territory; main route across the Great Plains and the Rocky Mountains; after the coming of the railroad, the trail fell into disuse and was finally abandoned in the 1870s.

Question 32

Oregon Treaty

Answer 32

Negotiation of the border between Oregon and Canada; Americans wanted it at 54º40' (slogan became "Fifty-four forty or fight!"); eventually was put at the 49th parallel.

Question 33

Treaty of Paris 1763

Answer 33

Treaty ending the Seven Years War.

Question 34

Treaty of Paris 1783

Answer 34

Treaty signed in 1783 that officially ended the American Revolution. Great Britain recognized the United States as an independent country.

Question 35

Pendleton Civil Service Act

Answer 35

1883 act that established a civil service system. Did away with the "spoils system" and made the hiring of federal employees merit based.

Question 36

Pocket Veto

Answer 36

When a president kills a bill passed during the last 10 days Congress is in session by simply refusing to sign it.

Question 37

Political Machine

Answer 37

Well organized political organization that controls election results by awarding jobs and other favors in exchange for votes.

Question 38

Populist Party

Answer 38

U.S. political party formed in 1892 representing mainly farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other monopolies.

Question 39

Progressivism

Answer 39

The movement in the late 1800s to increase democracy in America by curbing the power of the corporation. It fought to end corruption in government and business, bring better conditions for urban workers, education for new immagrants, and bring equal rights of women and other groups that had been left behind during the industrial revolution.

Question 40

Proprietorships

Answer 40

Settlements in America that were given to individuals who could govern and regulate the territory in any manner they desire. Charles I, for example, gave the Maryland territory to Lord Baltimore.

Question 41

Puritans

Answer 41

Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization.

Question 42

Putting-out System

Answer 42

The first textile production system in England, where merchants gave wool to families, who in their homes created yarn and then cloth; the merchants would then buy the cloth from the families and sell the finished product. Textile mills made this procedure more efficient.

Question 43

Quartering Act

Answer 43

March 1765 act by British. Required the colonials to provide food, lodging, and supplies for the British troops in the colonies.

Question 44

Radical Republicans

Answer 44

Group of Republicans after the Civil War who favored harsh treatment of the defeated South and a dramatic restructure of the economic and social systems in the South.

Question 45

Recall

Answer 45

The act of removing an official by petition. One of the reforms of the governmental system proposed by progressive era reformers.

Question 46

Reconstruction Act

Answer 46

Plan of the Radical Republicans to control the South, approved in March 1867. The former Confederacy was divided into five military districts (Tennessee was exempt). Conventions were to be called to create new state governments, with former Confederate officials ineligible to hold office.

Question 47

Reconstruction Era

Answer 47

Period after the Civil war when the US was trying to rebuild the South, Newly freed slaves were given additional economic, social, and political rights. Much resentment from Southerners.

Question 48

Referendum

Answer 48

Progressive era reform providing a state-level method of direct legislation that gives voters a chance to approve or disapprove proposed legislation or a proposed constitutional amendment.

Question 49

Removal Act of 1830

Answer 49

Part of the effort to remove Native Americans from western lands to make way for Americans. Removal of all Native Americans east of the Mississippi River.

Question 50

Republican Party

Answer 50

One of the two major American political parties. It emerged in the 1850s as an antislavery party and consisted of former northern Whigs and antislavery Democrats.

Question 51

Roosevelt Corollary

Answer 51

An extention of the Monroe Doctrine, this policy was announced in 1904 by Theodore Roosevelt warning European nations against interventing in the affairs of nations in the Western Hemisphere.

Question 52

Salem Witch Trials

Answer 52

120 men, women, and children were arrested for witchcraft, Massachusets in 1692. 19 executed. Shows tensions between Puritan ideals of small farming communities and developing ideals of a colony based on trade and commerce.

Question 53

Salutary Neglect

Answer 53

Idea that the colonies benefited by being left alone, without too much British interference.

Question 54

Scalawags

Answer 54

Southern whites who supported republican policy through reconstruction.

Question 55

Secession

Answer 55

The withdrawal of eleven Southern states from the Union in 1860 which precipitated the American Civil War.

Question 56

Second Continental Congress

Answer 56

Meeting of delegates from the American colonies in May 1775. Congress authorized that the Continental Army be created and George Washington be named commander of the army.

Question 57

Second Industrial Revolution

Answer 57

Massive economic growth that took place in America from 1865 until the end of the century that was largely based on the expansion of the railroad, the introduction of electric power, and the production of steel for building.

Question 58

Second National Bank

Answer 58

Established by Congress in 1816. The nation's federally authorized central bank during its 20-year charter from February 1817 to January 1836. President Madison used this as a way to spur national economic growth after the War of 1812.

Question 59

Separatists

Answer 59

Religious group that opposed the Church of England. First went to Holland, then some went onto the Americas.

Question 60

Settlement Houses

Answer 60

Centers set up by progressive era reformers in the poorest secions of American cities. Helped immigrants and children learn english and gain U.S. citizenships.

Question 61

Seventeenth Amendment

Answer 61

Ratified in 1913, amendment allowed voters to directly elect U.S. senators.

Question 62

Sherman Antitrust Act

Answer 62

1890 congressional legislation designed to break up industrial trusts such as the one create by John D. Rockefeller. and Standard Oil.

Question 63

Sioux Tribe

Answer 63

Tribe that tried to resist American westward expansion. Known for winning battle of Little Bighorn and but losing over 200 in the Massacre at Wounded Knee.

Question 64

Sit-down Strikes

Answer 64

Type of strike in which striking workers refuse to leave the factories so that owners cannot replace them.

Question 65

Sixteenth Amendment

Answer 65

The constitutional amendment adopted in 1913 that explicitly permitted Congress to levy an income tax.

Question 66

Smuggling

Answer 66

Importing or exporting goods in violation of trade laws.

Question 67

Social Darwinism

Answer 67

The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies.

Question 68

Social Gospel

Answer 68

19th century reform movement based on the belief that Christians have a responsibility to help improve working conditions and alleviate poverty.

Question 69

Sons of Liberty

Answer 69

Men who organized opposition to British policies during the late 1760s and 1770s. Most active in Boston. One of the leaders being Samuel Adams.

Question 70

Southern Strategy

Answer 70

Nixon's attempt to attract the support of Southern conservative Democrats who were unhappy with federal desegregation policies and liberal Supreme Court.

Question 71

Spanish-American War

Answer 71

War that began in 1898 and stemmed from furor in America over treatment of Cubans by Spanish troops that controlled the island. Resulting in the aquisition by the U.S. of the Philippines.

Question 72

Speakeasies

Answer 72

Urban clubs that existed in the 1920s where alcohol was illegally sold to patrons. Demonstrated the difficulty of enforcing prohibition.

Question 73

Speculation

Answer 73

Practice of purchasing either land or stocks with the intent of selling them for a higher price later. Used especially after the Homestead Act.

Question 74

Spoils System (Patronage System)

Answer 74

A way of rewarding jobs to those who supported you in political campaigns. Most of the time the people were unqualified for the jobs.

Question 75

Square Deal

Answer 75

Philosopy of TDR; Expressed his belief that the needs of workers, business, and consumers should be balanced and called for limiting power of trusts, promoting public health and safety and improving working conditions

Question 76

Stamp Act

Answer 76

To help pay for the British army in North America, Parliament passed this Act in 1756. All legal documents in the colonies had to be issued on officially taxed paper.

Question 77

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 77

A meeting of delegations from many of the colonies, the congress was formed to protest the newly passed Stamp Act. It adopted a declaration of rights as well as sent letters of complaints to the king and parliament, and it showed signs of colonial unity and organized resistance.

Question 78

States' Rights

Answer 78

The concept that the individual states, and not the federal government, have the power to decide whether federal legislation or regulations are to be enforced within the individual states.

Question 79

Stono Rebellion

Answer 79

1739 uprising of slaves in South Carolina, leading to the tightening of already harsh slave laws.

Question 80

Suburbia

Answer 80

The residential districts or suburbs outside the boundaries of a city or town. Dramatically increased in size after WW2.

Question 81

Sugar Act

Answer 81

1764, British deeply in debt partly to French & Indian War. English Parliament placed this tariff on sugar, coffee, wines, and molasses. colonists avoided the tax by smuggling and by bribing tax collectors.

Question 82

Tammany Hall

Answer 82

A political machine, bossed by William Tweed, located in New York that had be known to cheat the city out of over two hundred million dollars during the early 1870s.

Question 83

Tariff of 1816

Answer 83

This protective tariff helped American industry by raising the prices of British manufactured goods, which were often cheaper and of higher quality than those produced in the U.S.

Question 84

Taylorism

Answer 84

Scientific management, encouraged the development of mass production techniques and the assembly line, led to a revolution in American education of social science.

Question 85

Tea Act

Answer 85

Law passed by parliament allowing the British East India Company to sell its low-cost tea directly to the colonies - undermining colonial tea merchants; led to the Boston Tea Party.

Question 86

Temperance movement

Answer 86

Reform movement begun in the 1800's that fought to ban alcohol in the U.S. This movement led to the passage of the 18th Amendment in 1920.

Question 87

Ten Percent Plan

Answer 87

Lincoln's plan that allowed a Southern state to form its own government afetr ten percent of its voters swore an oath of loyalty to the United States.

Question 88

Tenant Farmers

Answer 88

A poor farmer who did not own land and had to live on and work the land of others, either for wages or a share of the crop they produced.

Question 89

Tenure of Office Act

Answer 89

1867 congressional act designed to limit the influence of President Andrew Johnson. The act took away the presidents role as commander in chief of American military forces and stated that Congress had toapprove the removal of goernment officials made by the president.

Question 90

Thirteenth Amendment

Answer 90

Constitutional amendment ratified after the Civil War that forbade slavery and involuntary servitude.

Question 91

Three-Fifths Compromise

Answer 91

The agreement by which the number of each state's representatives in Congress would be based on a count of all the free people plus three-fifths of the slaves.

Question 92

Townshend Acts

Answer 92

Laws passed in 1767 that taxed goods such as glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea. Also increased custom boards in the colonies to ensure that these duties were paid.

Question 93

Trail of Tears

Answer 93

Forced march of 20,000 members of Cherokee tribe to their newly designated "home land" in Oklahoma.

Question 94

Battle of Trenton

Answer 94

December 26, 1776, suprise attack after Christmas on Hession troops in New Jersey. 30 were killed, and nearly 950 captured by George Washington's colonial army.

Question 95

Triangular Trade System

Answer 95

The complex trading relationship that developed in the late seventeenth centurey between the Americas, Europe, and Africa. Europeans purchased slaves from Africa, to be resold in the Americas, raw materials from the Americas were exported to European states, while manufactured products in Europe were sold to the Americas.

Question 96

Trusts

Answer 96

Late nineteenth-century legal arrangement that allowed owners of one company to own stock in other companies in the same industry.

Question 97

Turner Thesis

Answer 97

"The Significance of the West in American History" published in 1893 stating that western expansion had played a fundamental role in defining the American character. American democracy and individualism were created by the frontier experience.

Question 98

Twelfth Amendment

Answer 98

Beginning in 1804, electors would vote separately for President and Vice President.

Question 99

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Answer 99

1852 novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe that depicted all the horrors of Southern slavery in great detail.

Question 100

Unicameral Legislature

Answer 100

Govermental structure with a one-house legislature. As written in the Articles of Confederation.

Question 101

Universal Negro Improvement Association

Answer 101

Association founded by Marcus Garvey in 1914 to foster African American economic independence and establish an independent black homeland in Africa.

Question 102

Verticle Integration

Answer 102

Practice in which a single manufacturer controls all of the steps used to change a raw material into a finished product.

Question 103

Battle of Vicksburg

Answer 103

After siege, confederate city along the Mississippi River was finally taken by Union forces in July 1863; this victory gave the Union control of the Mississippi River.

Question 104

Virginia Plan

Answer 104

Virginia delegate James Madison's plan of government, in which states got a number of representatives in Congress based on their population.

Question 105

Wade-Davis Act

Answer 105

Congress passed this bill in 1864 in response to the "10 Percent Plan" of Abraham Lincoln. Set out much more difficult conditions than proposed by Lincoln for Southern states to reenter the Union. All former officers of the Confederacy would be denied citizenship. A person would have to take an oath to never help the Confederacy to vote. Lincoln prevented this from becoming law by using the pocket veto.

Question 106

War of 1812

Answer 106

War between the British and Americans over British seizure of American ships, connections between the British and Native American tribes, and other tensions.

Question 107

Webster-Hayne Debate

Answer 107

1830 Senate debated between Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Hayne of South Carolina over the issue of state's rights and whether an individual state has the right to nullify federaly legislations.

Question 108

Whig Party

Answer 108

Political party that came into being in 1834 in opposition to the presidency of Andrew Jackson. Opposed Spoils system, and extensive power held by President Jackson. Favored an activist federal government. William Henry Harrison and Zachary Taylor were of this party.

Question 109

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 109

In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem.

Question 110

Wilmot Proviso

Answer 110

In the aftermath of the war with Mexico, in 1846 this proposal in an amendment to a military bill stated that slavery should be prohibited in all territories gained in the treaty ending that war. Never went into law.

Question 111

Writ of Habeas Corpus

Answer 111

Court order that requires police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why they are holding the person.

Question 112

Battle of Yorktown

Answer 112

Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781.