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APUSH Units 1-6 > APUSH Unit 1 Key Terms > Flashcards

APUSH Unit 1 Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Tribute

A

Goods, services, or money paid to a ruler or nation as a kind of tax.

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2
Q

Matriarchy

A

A form of social organization in which a female is the family head and title is traced through the female line.

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3
Q

Animism

A

Native North Americans who believed that the natural world was suffused with spiritual power.

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4
Q

Patriarchy

A

A form of social organization in which males dominate females

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5
Q

Primogeniture

A

An English law in colonial times that said only the eldest son of the parents could inherit a landed estate. This left the wealthy but landless younger sons to seek their fortune elsewhere.

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6
Q

Peasants

A

Farmers with small farms

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7
Q

Republic

A

states that had no prince or king but instead were governed by merchant colonist.

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8
Q

Civic Humanism

A

An ideology that praised public virtue and service to the state and in the time profoundly influenced European and American conceptions of government.

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9
Q

Renaissance

A

-rebirth of art, culture, and intellect started in Italy

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10
Q

Guilds

A

association devoted to protecting the special interests of a particular trade or craft and to monopolize production and trade in the goods the guild produced.

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11
Q

Christianity

A

A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.

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12
Q

Heresy

A

Doctrines that were inconsistent with the teachings of the church, were seen as the tools of Satan, and suppressing false doctrines became an obligation of Christian rulers .

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13
Q

Islam

A

A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.

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14
Q

Crusades

A

A series of military expansions led to get the holy land back., a series of military expeditions in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries by Westrn European Christians to reclain control of the Holy Lands from the Muslims

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15
Q

Predestination

A

Doctrine of John Calvin that each person’s fate is predetermined by God.

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16
Q

Protestant Reformation

A

A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.

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17
Q

Counter-Reformation

A

Attempt by the Catholic Church to reform itself after the Protestant Reformation, in order to prevent more people from branching away from Catholicism.

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18
Q

Trans-Saharan Trade

A

route across the Sahara desert. Major trade route that traded for gold and salt, created caravan routes, economic benefit for controlling dessert, camels played a huge role in the trading

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19
Q

Hiawatha

A

A Mohawk leader who called members of five groups together forming the Iroquis Confederacy around 1570.

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20
Q

Martin Luther

A

German theologian, writer of the 95 theses, and leader of the Reformation.

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21
Q

Mansa Musa

A

A strong king who died in 1337 and his followers began a slow decline after he died, gave away a lot of gold.

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22
Q

Vasco da Gama

A

was a Portuguese explorer. He was the first European to reach India by sea, linking Europe and Asia for the first time by ocean route

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23
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

1492 - discovered America. Sailed under the Spanish flag and claimed multiple major islands in the Caribbean for Spain. Trying to find asia he found america, and he was looking for silk and spices.

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24
Q

Hernan Cortes

A

1485-1547, Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico

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25
Q

Moctezuma

A

1466-1520, Ruler of Tenochtitlan, killed during the initial stages of the Spanish conquest of Mexico, when Cortés fought to escape from Tenochtitlan.

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26
Q

Pedro Alvares Cabral

A

a Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the discoverer of Brazil. Cabral conducted the first substantial exploration of the northeast coast of South America and claimed it for Portugal

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27
Q

Chattel Slavery

A

The ownership of human beings as property.

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28
Q

Neo-Europes

A

Colonists who sought to replicate economies and social structures that they knew at home.

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29
Q

Encomienda

A

Allowed leading conquistadors to claim tribute in labor and goods from Indian communities.

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30
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

Historical and biological transformation movement of diseases and peoples across the Atlantic.

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31
Q

Outwork

A

Bought raw materials (wool) and sent it “out” to peasants to use (spin and weave into cloth).

32
Q

Mercantilism

A

The system of state-assisted manufacturing and trade.

33
Q

House of Burgesses

A

A system of a representative government created by the Virginia Company.

34
Q

Royal Colony

A

Ruled by a governor appointed by the monarch.

35
Q

Freeholds

A

Farms of 30-50 acres owned and farmed by families and male partners.

36
Q

Headright System

A

Guaranteed 50 acres of land to anyone who paid the passage of a new immigrant to the colony.

37
Q

Indentured Servitude

A

Contracts that bound the men and the quarter of whom were women to work for a master for 4-5 years, after which they were free.

38
Q

Pilgrims

A

Religious separatists.

39
Q

Puritans

A

Protestants who did not separate from the Church of England but hoped to purify it of its ceremony and hierarchy- fled to America.

40
Q

Joint-Stock Corporation

A

Commercial agreement that allows investors to pool their resources.

41
Q

Predestination

A

Idea that God saved only a few chosen people.

42
Q

Toleration

A

Argument that political magistrates only had authority over bodies, goods, and estates of men- not their spiritual lives.

43
Q

Covenant of Works

A

Salvation could be earned through good deeds.

44
Q

Covenant of Grace

A

God saved those he predestined for salvation.

45
Q

Town Meeting

A

Main institution of local government.

46
Q

Phillip II

A

King of Spain; an ardent Catholic- determined to root out challenges to the Catholic Church.

47
Q

Francis Drake

A

Protestant farmer’s son; his fleet was first English fleet to circumnavigate; fleet captured two Spanish treasure ships.

48
Q

Opechancanough

A

Powhatan’s younger brother and successor.

49
Q

Lord Baltimore

A

Catholic aristocrat; was granted Maryland; persuaded assembly to enact the Toleration Act (1649).

50
Q

John Winthrop

A

First governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

51
Q

Roger Williams

A

Puritan minister of Salem; opposed decision to establish an official religion and advocated toleration.

52
Q

Anne Hutchinson

A

Denied covenant of deeds; declared God “revealed” divine truth directly to individual believers. Banished to Rhode Island.

53
Q

Metacom

A

(King Phillip)- Wampanoag leader; forged military alliance with Narragansetts and Nipmucks and attacked white settlements throughout New England.

54
Q

proprietorship

A

a colony created through the grant of a land from the English monarch to an individual or group

55
Q

Quakers

A

members of the Society of Friends, their belief that God spoke directly to each individual through an “inner light” and that neither ministers nor the Bible was essential to discovering God’s Word put them in conflict with both the Church of England and orthodox Puritans

56
Q

Navigation Acts

A

English laws passed, beginning in the 1650’s and 1660’s, requiring that certain English colonial goods be shipped through English ports by English ships

57
Q

Dominion of New England

A

a royal province created by King James II in 1686 that would have absorbed Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, New York, and New Jersey into a single colony

58
Q

Glorious Revolution

A

a quick and nearly bloodless coup in 1688 in which James II of England was overthrown by William of Orange, whig politicians forced the new King William & Queen Mary to accept the Declaration of Rights, creating a constitutional monarchy that enhanced the powers of the House of Commons at the expense of the crown

59
Q

constitutional monarchy

A

a monarchy limited in its rule by a constitution

60
Q

Second Hundred Years’ War

A

an era of warfare beginning with the War of the League of Augsburg in 1689 and lasting until the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo in 1815; England fought in 7 major wars with longest era of peace lasted 26 years

61
Q

tribalization

A

the adaptation of stateless people to the demands imposed on them by neighboring peoples

62
Q

Covenant Chain

A

the alliance of Iroquois, first with the colony of New York, then with the British Empire and its other colonies

63
Q

South Atlantic System

A

a new agricultural and commercial order that produced sugar, tobacco, rice, and other tropical products for an international market

64
Q

Middle Passage

A

the brutal sea voyage from Africa to the Americas that took the lives of many Africans as they were brought over enslaved

65
Q

Stono Rebellion

A

slave uprising in 1739 along the Stono River in South Carolina in which a group of slaves armed themselves, plundered 6 plantations, and killed more than 20 colonists

66
Q

gentility

A

a refined style of living and elaborate manners that came to be highly prized among well-to-do English families after 1600

67
Q

salutary neglect

A

a term used to describe British colonial policy during the reigns of George I and George II

68
Q

patronage

A

the power of elected officials to grant government jobs and favors to their supporters; also the jobs and favors themselves

69
Q

land banks

A

an institution, established by a colonial legislature, that printed paper money and lent it to farmers, taking a lien on their land to ensure repayment

70
Q

William Penn

A

Founder of Pennsylvania Quaker colony; purpose was to create a Neo-Europe settlement

71
Q

Edmund Andros

A

appointed as governor of the Dominion of New England; banned town meetings, established new laws, taxation

72
Q

William of Orange

A

Protestant Dutch prince who led the Glorious Revolution; ruled as constitutional monarch

73
Q

John Locke

A

English political philosopher; “celebration of life, liberty, and property”; Parliament relied on him to justify the coup in the Glorious Revolution

74
Q

Jacob Leisler

A

Dutchman that led rebellion against Dominion of New England; hung for treason; alienated wealthy New Yorkers and Dutchmen

75
Q

William Byrd II

A

successful Virginian planter-merchant’s son who assisted in cultivating southern gentry

76
Q

Robert Walpole

A

Whig leader in the House of Commons 1720-1742; (charged for patronage and bribery; high taxes and bloated royal bureaucracy); Provided a parliamentary subsidy for the new colony of Georgia

APUSH Units 1-6 (3 decks)

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