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apush unit 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Social Darwinism?

A

Survival of the fittest in society.

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2
Q

What is jingoism?

A

Extreme patriotism often favoring an aggressive, warlike foreign policy.

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3
Q

What is the White Man’s Burden?

A

The idea that many European countries had a duty to spread their religion and culture to those less civilized.

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4
Q

Who were the Anti-Imperialists?

A

People who were opposed to America growing into a world power.

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5
Q

Who was William Jennings Bryan?

A

Populist party leader who ran for president three times, known for the ‘Crown of Gold’ speech and the Scopes trial.

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6
Q

Who was Samuel Gompers?

A

Creator of the American Federation of Labor, a union for skilled workers.

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7
Q

Who was Jane Addams?

A

Founder of Hull House, supported immigrant women.

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8
Q

Who was Alfred Thayer Mahan?

A

Navy officer and imperialist who wrote ‘The Influence of Sea Power upon History.’

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9
Q

What were the Insular Cases?

A

Determined that inhabitants of U.S. territories had some, but not all, of the rights of U.S. citizens.

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10
Q

What was the Perry Expedition?

A

Diplomatic conquest of an American Commodore into Japanese harbors.

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11
Q

What was the Alaska Purchase?

A

Secretary of State William Seward bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million (‘Seward’s Folly’).

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12
Q

What happened during the Hawaiian Annexation in July 1898?

A

The debate over annexation continued until 1898 when Republicans took office and approved it.

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13
Q

Who was Sanford Dole?

A

A lawyer and jurist in Hawaii who served as president of Hawaii.

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14
Q

Who was Queen Liliuokalani?

A

The Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interests.

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15
Q

What was the DeLome Letter?

A

A letter from the Spanish ambassador criticizing President McKinley, published in the Hearst newspaper.

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16
Q

What was the USS Maine?

A

Ship that exploded off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor, contributing to the start of the Spanish-American War.

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17
Q

What is Yellow Journalism?

A

Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers.

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18
Q

What is the Teller Amendment?

A

Legislation that promised the US would not annex Cuba after winning the Spanish-American War.

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19
Q

Who were the Rough Riders?

A

Volunteer regiment of US Cavalry led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War.

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20
Q

What were the Buffalo Soldiers?

A

Nickname for African-American soldiers who fought in the wars against Native Americans living on the Great Plains during the 1870s.

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21
Q

Who was Emilio Aguinaldo?

A

Leader of the Filipino independence movement against Spain (1895-1898).

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22
Q

What was the Treaty of Paris?

A

(1898) Treaty that ended the Spanish-American War, providing that Cuba be free from Spain.

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23
Q

What is the Platt Amendment?

A

Legislation that severely restricted Cuba’s sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble.

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24
Q

What was the Philippine War?

A

(1898-1902); War in which America used brutal tactics to crush rebellion.

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25
What was the Open Door Policy?
US proposed policy in 1899, under which all nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.
26
What is the Roosevelt Corollary?
Addition to the Monroe Doctrine asserting America's right to intervene in Latin American affairs.
27
What is Big Stick Diplomacy?
Diplomatic policy developed by T.R. where the 'big stick' symbolizes his power and readiness to use military force if necessary.
28
What was the Panama Canal?
Colombians would not let Americans build the canal, but with US assistance, a Panamanian Revolution occurred, allowing the US to build the canal.
29
What was the Great White Fleet?
1907-1909 - Roosevelt sent the Navy on a world tour to show U.S. naval power and pressure Japan into the 'Gentlemen's Agreement.'
30
What is Dollar Diplomacy?
Foreign policy created under President Taft that exchanged financial support for the right to 'help' countries make decisions.
31
What is Moral Diplomacy?
Foreign policy proposed by President Wilson to condemn imperialism, spread democracy, and promote peace.
32
What was the Tampico Affair?
Resulted in a breakdown of diplomatic relations between the US and Mexico, caused by misunderstandings between American and Mexican sailors.
33
Who was Josiah Strong?
A popular American minister in the late 1800s who linked Anglo-Saxonism to Christian missionary ideas.
34
What is self-determination?
Concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves.
35
What is the Square Deal?
Theodore Roosevelt's promise of fair and equal treatment for all.
36
What is a Trustbuster?
Someone who breaks up a trust (monopoly) into smaller companies.
37
What is the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?
A law enacted in 1890 intended to prevent the creation of monopolies by making it illegal to establish trusts that interfere with free trade.
38
What is the National Reclamation Act?
Backed by Roosevelt in 1902, it provided federal funds for the construction of dams, reservoirs, and canals in the West.
39
Who were the Muckrakers?
Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public.
40
Who was Upton Sinclair?
Muckraker who shocked the nation with 'The Jungle,' revealing gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago.
41
What is the Meat Inspection Act?
1906 - Laid down binding rules for sanitary meat packing and government inspection of meat products crossing state lines.
42
What is the Pure Food and Drug Act?
1906 - Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs. Still in existence as the FDA.
43
What is the 16th Amendment?
Congress is given the power to tax incomes.
44
What is the 17th Amendment?
Direct election of senators.
45
What is the 18th Amendment?
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages.
46
What is the 19th Amendment?
Gave women the right to vote.
47
Who was Jacob Riis?
Muckraker who exposed the poor conditions of tenements in NYC with the book 'How The Other Half Lives.'
48
What is Taylorism?
Frederick Winslow Taylor's method to streamline mass production, where each worker repeatedly performs one specific task.
49
What is the NAACP?
An organization aimed to abolish segregation and discrimination and achieve political and civil rights for African Americans.
50
What was the Niagra Movement?
A 1905 call for vigorous activism including legal challenges to achieve political equality for blacks and full integration into American life.
51
What was the Lusitania?
A passenger ship sunk by Germany to provoke US involvement in WW1.
52
What was the Zimmerman Telegram?
A telegram Germany sent to Mexico to convince Mexico to attack the U.S.
53
What is Unrestricted Submarine Warfare?
A policy announced by the Germans in January 1917 stating their submarines would sink any ship in British waters.
54
What is Total War?
The channeling of a nation's entire resources into a war effort.
55
What was the War Industries Board?
Agency established during WWI to increase efficiency and discourage waste in war-related industries.
56
What is the Espionage Act of 1917?
Law which punished people for aiding the enemy or refusing military duty during WW1.
57
What is the Sedition Act of 1918?
Made it illegal for Americans to speak disloyally about the US government, constitution, or flag.
58
What was Schenck v. United States?
A 1919 decision upholding the conviction of a socialist who urged young men to resist the draft during WWI; government can limit speech if it provokes a 'clear and present danger.'
59
What was the Spanish Flu?
Pandemic that spread around the world in 1918, killing more than 50 million people.
60
What were the Palmer Raids?
A 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals.
61
Who was Eugene V. Debs?
Leader of the American Railway Union who voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike and was jailed for six months for disobeying a court order.
62
What was New Freedom?
Democrat Woodrow Wilson's political slogan in the presidential campaign of 1912 aimed at improving the banking system, lowering tariffs, and breaking up monopolies.
63
What is the Clayton Antitrust Act?
A 1914 act that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by specifying activities businesses could not do.
64
What is the Adamson Act of 1916?
Wilson pushed for this act mandating an eight-hour workday and time and a half for overtime.
65
What is Birth of a Nation?
A controversial silent film from 1915 that demonstrated the power of film propaganda and revived the KKK.
66
What was the Sussex Pledge?
A promise Germany made to America to stop sinking their ships without warning after Wilson threatened to sever ties.
67
What was the Mexican Revolution of 1910?
Uprising led by Francisco Madero against longtime autocrat Porfirio Díaz.
68
What was Pancho Villa's raid in 1916?
Raids along the US-Mexican border that led President Wilson to send the army to search for him, but he wasn't captured.
69
What were Liberty Bonds and Victory Bonds?
Used to raise money to cover the costs of war.
70
What was the American Expeditionary Force (AEF)?
United States troops in World War I, including draftees, volunteers, and the National Guard.
71
Who were the Harlem Hellfighters (369th)?
An African American regiment that was mistreated racially.
72
What was the Lost Battalion?
A group trapped between German lines that barely survived their ordeal.
73
Who was John Pershing?
Commander of the American Expeditionary Force of over 1 million troops.
74
What were the 14 Points?
(1918) President Woodrow Wilson's plan for organizing post-World War I Europe and avoiding future wars.
75
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
(1919) Treaty that ended World War I, most importantly forcing blame on Germany and other allies.
76
What was the League of Nations?
A world organization of national governments established by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.
77
What was the Ratification Debate?
The intense debate over the American acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles.

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