APWH- Enlightenment Flashcards
1
Q
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)
A
- wrote book: Leviathan
- anti-enlightenment (absolutism)
- natural state of humans= selfish & to be constantly at war with each other
- need absolute monarch to control & punish
- man delegates total power to monarch
2
Q
John Locke (1632-1704)
A
- English philosopher & political theorist
- wrote book: Two Treatises of Government
- state government should exist to preserve natural rights
- if government fails, citizens have the right to rebel
- if you break the law, you lose right to liberty, property, and life
3
Q
Baron de Montesquieu (1688-1755)
A
- French political theorist but spent 2 years in London
- wrote book: On The Spirit of Laws
- political liberty= absence of one dominating power in state
- separation and balance of powers
- if single power controls all 3, state is living in tyranny
4
Q
Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)
A
- wrote book: The Social Contract
- man was good but was corrupted by society
- social arrangement involves consent, participation, & subordination to independent self interest to common wealth
5
Q
Francois Marie Arouet (Voltaire) (1694-1778)
A
- criticized social injustice and religious intolerance (deist)
- held England as model civilization
6
Q
Name some Enlightenment Ideals
A
Natural Rights General Welfare Sovereignty rests in governed people Freedom of Religion/Speech Equal Rights
