AQA ------ Materials and their working properties

Question 1

What are papers and boards made from?

Answer 1

Natural fibres (cellulose) usually from wood.

Question 2

What is paper weighed in?

Answer 2

GSM (Grams per Square Metre)

Question 3

When would their be a need for bleached pulp?

Answer 3

For the use of high quality ‘bright’ paper

Question 4

What are the 3 stages of paper and board production?

Answer 4

1 - Pulping
2 - Sizing
3 - Calendering (Draining +Rolling)

Question 5

How is pulp created?

Answer 5

• Natural cellulose fibres are mixed with water.
• The mixture is cooked which produces a fibrous liquid known as pulp.
• It is spread onto a mesh conveyor which gets rid of excess water.

Question 6

What is a Micron?

Answer 6

A unit to measure board thickness, 1000 microns is equal to 1 mm thickness.

Question 7

What are the 2 categories of natural wood?

Answer 7

• Hardwood

- Softwood

Question 8

What is ‘felling’ a tree?

Answer 8

A tree is ‘felled’ when it is cut down.

Question 9

Which trees do Hardwood come from?

Answer 9

Coniferous trees

Question 10

Which trees do Softwood come from?

Answer 10

Deciduous trees

Question 11

Why are softwoods good for paper production?

Answer 11

• Softwood trees grow faster than Hardwood.
• Coniferous trees are usually evergreen.
• Hardwood is more expensive.

Question 12

What are the 4 working properties?

Answer 12

• Strength
• Toughness
• Elasticity
• Hadness

Question 13

What are manufactured boards?

Answer 13

usually sheets of processed natural timber waste or sawdust combined with adhesives

Question 14

What are manufactured boards?

Answer 14

usually sheets of processed natural timber waste or sawdust combined with adhesives

Question 15

What is Ore?

Answer 15

A type of rock which contains a pure metal in small quantities.

Question 16

How is metal extracted from ore?

Answer 16

• (Ore is obtained from mining)
• The metal is then extracted using a large furnace
• The heat of the furnace separates the metal from the ore and it is drown off as a molten liquid.

Question 17

What are the 3 categories metals are put into?

Answer 17

• Ferrous
• Non-Ferrous
• Alloys

Question 18

How is metal extracted from oxides?

Answer 18

Heated with carbon to extract the metals.

Question 19

How is metal extracted from ore?

Answer 19

• (Ore is obtained from mining)
• The metal is then extracted using a large furnace
• The heat of the furnace separates the metal from the ore and it is drown off as a molten liquid.

Question 20

What are the properties of a ductile metal?

Answer 20

+ Will stretch without being damaged.

+ Can be stretched or drawn out into long wires.

Question 21

What are the properties of a malleable metal?

Answer 21

+ Can be hammered into shape without breaking
+ Can be rolled or pressed into sheets
- Will deform under compression

Question 22

Which element is found in only Ferrous metals?

Answer 22

Iron, (Fe)

Question 23

Which metals can corrode (rust)?

Answer 23

Iron (Fe) and Steel

Question 24

Which type of metals are mostly magnetic?

Answer 24

Ferrous

Question 25

What is the definition of Toughness?

Answer 25

A materials ability to absorb energy and withstand force without cracking or deforming.

Question 26

What is the definition of Hardness?

Answer 26

A materials ability to withstand abrasion.

Question 27

What is Tensile strength?

Answer 27

The amount of stretching a material can withstand without breaking or failing.

Question 28

Which desirable properties are possessed by non-ferrous metals

Answer 28

- Lightweight - Good conductivity - Ductile and malleable - Resistant to corrosion

Question 29

What is galvanising?

Answer 29

Adding a protective coat of zinc to Iron and Steel in order to prevent rusting.

Question 30

Which metal is a great Electrical and Thermal conductor?

Answer 30

Copper

Question 31

What is oxidisation?

Answer 31

Causes the surface of the metal to change colour and dull with time.

Question 32

How can oxidisation be used as a benefit?

Answer 32

Oxidation rarely affects the working properties of the metal and Copper turns a deep turquoise called "Verdigris"

Question 33

What is Kapoaka?

Answer 33

Working with recycled cans

Question 34

What are Alloys?

Answer 34

They are a mixture of at least one pure metal and another element.

Question 35

Around how much plastic is produced annually?

Answer 35

300 million (and rising)

Question 36

What are the 2 plastic categories?

Answer 36

Thermo-setting | Thermo-forming

Question 37

What is another name given to thermoforming plastics?

Answer 37

Thermoplastics

Question 38

What is the main difference between thermoforming and thermosetting plastics

Answer 38

Thermoplastics can be remoulded without the materials properties being damaged, thermosets have strong bonds that don't split when heated

Question 39

Molecular structure of thermoforming plastics?

Answer 39

Long chains of loose molecules with no fixed structure or patterns.

Question 40

Molecular structure of thermoset plastics?

Answer 40

Individual monomers join to form a large polymer.

Question 41

What are the pro's of Thermoplastics?

Answer 41

- Repeated heating and remoulding - A good finish can be created - They can be recycled - It has a plastic memory (pro and con)

Question 42

What are the cons of thermoplastics?

Answer 42

- Not suitable in areas of heat or UV light | - Plastic memory ( Pro and Con)

Question 43

What are the pros of thermosets?

Answer 43

- Able to withstand high temperatures - Waterproof (when solid) - Hard and durable - Good electrical conductor

Question 44

What are the cons of thermosets?

Answer 44

- Cannot be remoulded

Question 45

What is blow moulding used to create?

Answer 45

- Forming hollow plastic items

Question 46

What is injection moulding?

Answer 46

- When soft plastic is injected into a mould

Question 47

What is vacuum moulding used to create?

Answer 47

- When a sheet of softened plastic is formed around a mould.

Question 48

What is extrusion (moulding/forming) used to create?

Answer 48

- Creating objects with a cross section profile

Question 49

What are the tree types of Polyethylene?

Answer 49

- PETE =Polyeethylene terephthalate - HDPE = High density Polyethylene - LDPE = Low density Polyethylene

Question 50

What is the most common thermoplastic?

Answer 50

Polyethylene

Question 51

How much Polyethylene is created annually?

Answer 51

over 80 million tonnes per year