AQA Synergy Science

Question 1

what is an ion

Answer 1

an atom that is charged because of gain or loss of electrons

Question 2

Which type of ions do metals form?

Answer 2

Positive ions as they lose electrons

Question 3

Which type of ions do non-metals form?

Answer 3

Negative ions as they gain electrons

Question 4

How do you use the periodic table to work out the charge of an ion?

Answer 4

Group number can help you.
Group 1 = 1+
Group 2 = 2+
Group 7 = 1-

Question 5

What are ionic bonds?

Answer 5

Formed between metals and non-metals
Electrons are transferred
Positive and negative ions attract together

Question 6

What is a dot cross diagram?

Answer 6

It is a diagram which shows the electrons bonding

Question 7

What is the name of the structure that an ionic compound forms?

Answer 7

Giant lattice

Question 8

What forces hold the ions together in a giant lattice?

Answer 8

Electrostatic forces of attraction

Question 9

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 9

Strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions
Lots of energy is needed to break those forces

Question 10

Why can ionic compound conduct electricity when molten or dissolved but not in a solid?

Answer 10

The ions are free to move when molten or dissolved
The ions can carry the charge

Throughout the structure

Question 11

Why can’t electricity conduct through solid ionic compounds?

Answer 11

The ions are in fixed position and are not free to move

Question 12

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 12

When Non-metal atoms share electrons

Question 13

What is a molecule?

Answer 13

When an atom joins to another atom and becomes a pair

Question 14

What atoms are in a molecule of methane CH4?

Answer 14

1 x carbon
4 x hydrogen

Question 15

What are polymers?

Answer 15

Large molecules joined by covalent bonds

Question 16

Why does a substance have a low melting or boiling point?

Answer 16

It is a simple molecule
Weak intermolecular forces between molecules
Not much energy is needed to break those forces

Question 17

List 3 giant covalent structures

Answer 17

Diamond
Graphite
Silicon dioxide (silica)

Question 18

What bonding happens between the atoms in diamond?

Answer 18

Covalent bonding

Question 19

Why do giant covalent structures have high melting and points?

Answer 19

Giant structures
Strong covalent bonds
Lots of energy needed to overcome the bonds

Question 20

Why can’t diamond conduct electricity?

Answer 20

There are no charged particles to carry the charge throughout the structure

Question 21

How many bonds around each carbon atom in diamond?

Answer 21

4

Question 22

Why can graphite conduct electricity?

Answer 22

Delocalised electrons carry the charge

Question 23

How many electrons are bonded around each carbon in graphite?

Answer 23

3

Question 24

Why can graphite be used as a lubricant/slippery?

Answer 24

Why can graphite be used as a lubricant/slippery?

Question 25

What is graphene?

Answer 25

One layer of graphite 1 atom thick

Question 26

What is the formula of buckminsterfullerene?

Answer 26

C60

Question 27

Describe the structure in metals.

Answer 27

atoms in a regular pattern The outer electrons from those atoms are delocalised

Question 28

What are delocalised electrons?

Answer 28

Electrons with no location

Question 29

Why can metals conduct electricity?

Answer 29

Delocalised electrons Carry the charge Through the metal

Question 30

Why can metals conduct electricity?

Answer 30

Delocalised electrons Carry the charge Through the metal

Question 31

Explain why metals are malleable?

Answer 31

All the atoms are arranged in a regular pattern The atoms can slide over each other

Question 32

What is an alloy?

Answer 32

A mixture of two or more elements where one of the elements is a metal

Question 33

Why is an alloy harder than pure metal?

Answer 33

The different atoms are different sizes The regular arrangement is distorted The layers cannot slide over each other