aquaculture Flashcards
(21 cards)
is the controlled cultivation of
aquatic organisms such as fish, shellfish,
and aquatic plants.
Aquaculture
- refers to raising and breeding aquatic animals (fish,
shrimp, crab, shellfish, tilapia, catfish, etc.) and
plants for economic purposes by the use of ponds,
reservoirs, lakes, rivers, and other inland waterways
(including brackish water), which play an important
role in the aquaculture industry.
Freshwater
the farming of aquatic organisms in seawater. It
involves cultivating various species, including fish,
shellfish, seaweed, and other marine life, for food,
pharmaceuticals, and other products.
Marine Aquaculture/ Mariculture
involves raising aquatic animals in bodies of water
that are a mix of freshwater and saltwater. These
environments, often found in estuaries and coastal
areas, have salinity levels typically between 15 and
30 parts per thousand. Commonly cultured species
in brackish water include shrimp, milkfish, mullets,
and some fish like grouper.
Brackish water aquaculture
Low-input, low-output systems.
* Relies on natural food sources (e.g., algae, plankton).
* Lower production, often in large ponds or lakes.
Extensive (Fish Farming)
*Moderate use of feed and fertilizers to boost
productivity.
*Combines natural and supplementary feeding
Semi-intensive (Fish Farming)
- High-input, high-output systems.
- Controlled environments with regular feeding and aeration.
- Often uses tanks, cages, or recirculating aquaculture systems
(RAS).
Intensive (Fish Farming)
Similar to polyculture, where two or more
organisms are farmed together. In IMTA,
multiple aquatic species from different trophic
levels are farmed in an integrated fashion to
improve efficiency, reduce waste, and provide
ecosystem services, such as bio-remediation.
Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA)
*a technology where water is recycled and
reused after mechanical and biological
filtration and removal of suspended matter
and metabolites. This method is used for
high- density culture of various species of
fish, utilizing minimum land area and water.
Recirculatory Aquaculture System (RAS)
*Both cage and pen culture are types of enclosure
culture, and involve holding organisms captive
within an enclosed space whilst maintaining a free
exchange of water. The two methods, however, are
distinct from one another. A cage is totally enclosed
on all, or all but the top, sides by mesh or netting,
whereas in pen culture the bottom of the enclosure
is formed by the lake or sea bottom
Cage and Pen Culture
a specific branch of aquaculture focused
solely on the breeding, rearing, and
harvesting of fish for commercial,
recreational, or subsistence purposes.
Fish Culture
- Freshwater fish:
Tilapia, carp, catfish, trout.
- Marine fish:
Salmon, sea bass, tuna, grouper.
Ornamental fish:
Guppies, goldfish, koi (for the
aquarium trade).
Fish are raised in man-made or natural
ponds.
*Common Species: Carp, tilapia, catfish.
* Advantages: Simple, cost-effective, easy to manage.
*Limitations: Limited space, possible water quality
issues.
Pond culture
Fish are kept in floating or submerged
cages/net enclosures in lakes, rivers, or seas.
*Common Species: Salmon, sea bass, tilapia.
*Advantages: Uses existing water bodies; good water
exchange.
* Limitations: Vulnerable to predators, disease spread,
and pollution.
Cage culture
Fish are raised in tanks with continuous water flow or
recirculation.
*Common Species: Trout, catfish, ornamental fish.
*Advantages: High control over water quality and
feeding; intensive.
* Limitations: Higher setup and operational costs.
Tank Culture (Raceways and Circular Tanks) :
Land-based closed-loop systems where water is filtered and
reused.
* Common Species: Salmon, barramundi, hybrid striped
bass.
* Advantages: Minimal water use, complete environmental
control, year-round production.
* Limitations: Expensive setup and technical expertise
required.
Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) :
Combines fish culture with agriculture or livestock
(e.g., rice-fish farming, fish-poultry).
*Common Species: Carp, tilapia.
*Advantages: Efficient resource use; reduced feed
costs.
* Limitations: Requires careful integration and
planning.
Integrated Fish Farming:
Raising multiple fish species in the same water body to utilize all
ecological niches.
* Common Species Combination: Surface feeders (catla),
column feeders (rohu), bottom feeders (mrigal).
* Advantages: Maximizes pond productivity and feed utilization.
* Limitations: Needs knowledge of species compatibility and
balanced stocking.
Polyculture (Composite Fish Culture):
Cultivation of a single fish species.
* Common Species: Tilapia, trout, catfish.
* Advantages: Easier to manage feeding and harvesting.
* Limitations: Higher risk of disease outbreaks
Monoculture
