Aquaculture 314 II

Question 1

What reasons are there to make aquaculture viable?

Answer 1

• bigger range of organisms domesticated -> only a few invertebrates, birds and mammals)
• aquaculture -> vertebrates, molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms, jellyfish, worms, sea weed

bigger range of marine organisms to choose from

Question 2

What is the marine aquaculture advantage?

Answer 2

• bigger range of animals mean more habitats can be exploited
• ocean, estuaries, freshwater
• wild fishery little potential for growth
• 75% of world fisheries fished at or over capacity
• over fishing affects up to 30% of world fisheries
• if aquaculture growth continues wild fishing may be replaced as hunting was by livestock farming

Question 3

What are some vital statistics to aquaculture?

Answer 3

• Grows more rapidly than all other animal food-producing sectos
• Production from aquaculture has greatly ooutpaced population growth, per caouta: aquaculture increasing from 0.7 kg in 1970 ti 7.1 kg in 2004, average annual growth rate of 7.1%
• World aquaculture (food fish and aquatic plants) has grown significantly suring the past 50 yrs (<1m tons 1950 to 59.4 tons @ US$ 70.3 billion 2004
• In 2004, countries in the Asia Pacific region accounted for 91.5 percent of the productoin quantity and 80.5 percent of the value

Question 4

What are the 5 different types of aquaculture?

Answer 4

• saltwater ponds (shrimp)
• freshwater ponds (nile tilapia, prawns)
• cages and nets (Harbour and coastal systems - e.g. salmon, tuna)
• ocean ranching (offshore and high seas sytems)
• substrate systems (nz green shell mussel)

Question 5

What are six important factors for aquaculture?

Answer 5

desirable characteristics of aquaculture species

• control of reproduction
• provide appropriate nutrition
• avoid or control disease
• suitable behaviour
• suitable behaviour
• rapid and uniform growth
• amenable to artificial food
• efficient food conversiton
• non cannibalistic
• tolerate shor term fluctuations
• sexes can be manipulated

Question 6

What is also important when planing patial and temporal sites?

Answer 6

• site characteristics
• appropriate tidal flow to flush waste products, bring in food
• shelter from wind and waves
• suitable water quality
• land area for processing or rearing
• ability to prevent animals from escaping

Question 7

How can aquaculture be more efficient?

Answer 7

• use technology to reduce labour
• appropriate technology
• what and where are the markets
• likely price
• can it be undercut by imports
• incidental costs
• depreciation