Aquatic and Land Exercise

Question 1

What is the distribution of a normal stance

Answer 1

60% FL and 30% HL

Question 2

Distribution of a trot

Answer 2

Distribution 120% FL and 75% HL

Question 3

Anaerobic

Answer 3

intense short bursts, increased endurance, strengthening

Question 4

Aerobic

Answer 4

long sustained exercise, requires oxygen and increases heart rate

Question 5

Type I Muscle Fibers

Answer 5

• Slow Twitch
• Aerobic exercise, endurance, fatigue resistant

Question 6

Type II Muscle Fibers

Answer 6

• Fast Twitch
• Anaerobic exercise, strength training, fatigue fast

Question 7

Type II are Fast Twitch which means they

Answer 7

Fatigue fast

Question 8

Type I are slow Twitch which means they

Answer 8

are fatigue resistant

Question 9

Isometric contraction

Answer 9

muscles stay the same length (ex. Plank)

Question 10

Isotonic Contraction

Answer 10

muscles change in length
* Concentric - shorten
* Eccentric - lengthen

Question 11

Anti-Gravity Muscles

Answer 11

• Thoracic limbs: Shoulders and elbow flexors/extensors, digit flexors
• Pelvic limbs: Hip extensors/adductors, stifle flexors/extensors, digit flexors

Question 12

Phase 1 (D1-5) exercises

Answer 12

• Very gentle, very low impact exercises
• Example: slow walking, gentle balancing

Question 13

Phase 2 (D5-21) exercises

Answer 13

• Low Impact with mild challenge
• Example: balancing with platforms, changing weight distribution, low poles/weave poles spread far apart, slow walking

Question 14

Phase 3 (D21-60) exercises

Answer 14

• Moderate exercises with increased loading and challenge
• Example: steps, sit-to-stands, army crawls, inclines/declines

Question 15

Phase 4 (begining day 61) exercises

Answer 15

• Moderate to increased loading exercises
• Example: adding weights/resistance bands, dynamic balancing, gradual increase to full
  function

Question 16

Indications: Chronic Disease

Answer 16

Usually assigned to P3
Stages of healing can vary- reassess regularly

Question 17

Contraindication to Exercise

Answer 17

• Deterioration occurs with exercise
• Febrile
• Acute musculoskeletal injuries (Fractures, torn ligaments, etc)
• Acute neurologic compression
• Serious internal disease process
• Serious cardiac diseases
• Acute thrombosis, venous thrombosis

Question 18

Ground Exercises: Standing (P1)

Answer 18

• Foundational to all other exercises
• Builds patient confidence and prep for movement
• With or without assistance
• Equipment: hoyer lift, water, Help-Em Up Harness, quad wheelchairs

Question 19

Ground Exercises: Weight Shifting (P1-P4)

Answer 19

Promotes limb loading, proprioception and balance

Question 20

Ground Exercises: Hand Shaking (P3- P4)

Answer 20

• Benefits are same as weight shifting, but also improves range of motion in FL
• P4 – can be done on balance discs, wobble boards, etc

Question 21

Rhythmic Stabilization

Answer 21

• Bouncing helps with neurologic weak
  patients
• PNF – Proprioceptive Neuromuscular
  Facilitation

Question 22

Slow walking

Answer 22

• Promotes limb loading and joint function, gait
  patterning, proprioception
• P1 and P2 – Remember slow walking is almost
  same weight distribution compared to stance
• P3 and P4 – uneven surfaces, dynamic weight
  shifting, obstacle course

Question 23

Cavaletti Poles

Answer 23

• Good for improving range of motion in carpus,
  elbow and stifle
• Always start at ground level and spaced at
  least body length distance apart

Question 24

Weave Poles

Answer 24

• Improve ROM esp. intervertebral joints
• Increase difficulty with smaller radius
  Good for spinal flexion

Question 25

Balls

Answer 25

• Variety of sizes and shapes
  for various activities
• Fun for patients
• P1 – use for assisted
  standing
• P2 – weight shifting
• P3 and P4 – get creative!

Question 26

balance discs

Answer 26

• various wobble boards, balance discs, steps and platforms are used
  at all phases 1-4
• Great for senior patients!

Question 27

Ground Exercises for Phases 3 and 4 ONLY

Answer 27

• Backward walking – HL limb loading
• Incline walking – HL strength, FL ROM
• Decline walking – eccentric
• Ascending Stairs – HL, core and back
• Descending Stairs – FL, core and back
• Sit-to-Stands – HL ROM and strength
• Dancing – should only be performed if patient can trot use caution with hip dysplasia
• Wheelbarrow – FL strength, limb loading
• Army Crawls – joint function, ROM flexion of major joints

Question 28

Land Treadmill

Answer 28

Prolonged stance phase and greater stride length
* Useful for hip and stifle conditions that are painful – requires less active
contractions for joint extension
* Can be useful for assisted gait patterning
* Useful for further challenges (P3 & P4) – outstretched arm or pole to walk over, resistance bands, dynamic weight shifting, backward, sideways, dancing/wheelbarrow

Question 29

Properties of Water

Answer 29

• Buoyancy
• Hydrostatic Pressure
• Viscosity and Resistance
• Surface Tension

Question 30

Buoyancy

Answer 30

Upward force is exerted on
an object by the water –
corresponds to the amount
of water displaced by the
body
* A body weighs less when in
the water than on land

Question 31

Hydrostatic Pressure

Answer 31

• Pressure is exerted on the body that is surrounded by liquid
• Can reduce edema!
• Caution: patients with respiratory disease

Question 32

Viscosity and Resistance

Answer 32

A solid body
requires force to
move through
the water
* Good for strengthening
* Good for cardiovascular
workout

Question 33

Surface Tension

Answer 33

• Cohesion is greater on surface of water than at greater depths
• Important for weaker patients or when considering water levels for specific joint function

Question 34

Aquatic Therapy: Contraindications

Answer 34

• Patients with severe cardiac or respiratory disease
• Infection or non-healing wounds, open wounds, draining tracts
• Nothing with Biosecurity Orange status
• Severe Diarrhea
• Caution: with laryngeal paralysis and fecal incontinence

Question 35

Aquatic Therapy: Swimming

Answer 35

Great for cardiovascular exercise, play, mental
stimulation
* Great for FL range of motion and strength
* Not recommended for patients with cervical instability
or post-operative patients before P3 & P4