Arabic Grammar Lesson 8 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is a ‘verb form’ in Arabic grammar?
A verb form (وزن الفعل) is a pattern applied to a root to create a specific meaning or verb type (like causative, reflexive, etc.).
What is the root (جذر) of the verb عَلَّمَ (ʿallama)?
ع-ل-م (ʿ–l–m) — related to knowledge and learning.
What’s the meaning of Form I (فَعَلَ)?
Basic, simple verb meaning — like ‘he knew’ (عَلِمَ), ‘he wrote’ (كَتَبَ).
What’s the pattern of Form II verbs in Arabic?
فَعَّلَ — where the middle root letter is doubled (shadda).
What does Form II usually express?
Causative or intensive meaning — e.g., عَلَّمَ = ‘he taught’ (made someone know).
What’s the difference in meaning between عَلِمَ and عَلَّمَ?
عَلِمَ = he knew (Form I); عَلَّمَ = he taught (Form II).
What is a ‘masdar’ in Arabic grammar?
A verbal noun (مصدر) that represents the action or concept of the verb — like تعليم = teaching (from عَلَّمَ).
What is the Form II masdar of عَلَّمَ?
تَعْلِيم — ‘teaching’ or ‘education’.
What is the present tense of عَلَّمَ?
يُعَلِّمُ — he teaches.
Translate and identify the form: نَزَّلَ
Form II; ‘He sent down (something)’ — e.g., revelation.
Translate the verb يُنَزِّلُ. What is its root and form?
‘He sends down’; Form II; root: ن-ز-ل.
What’s the masdar of نَزَّلَ?
تَنْزِيل — ‘sending down,’ often used for Qur’anic revelation.
What’s the pattern for Form X verbs?
اِسْتَفْعَلَ — like اِسْتَغْفَرَ = ‘he sought forgiveness’.
Is there a direct equivalent of Arabic verb forms in English grammar?
No, but similar ideas exist: causative (‘teach’), reflexive (‘learn’), and intensive (‘shatter’).
What’s the meaning of Form V (تَفَعَّلَ)?
Reflexive of Form II — e.g., تَعَلَّمَ = ‘he learned’ (taught himself).
What is the active participle of سَلِمَ (Form I)?
سَالِمٌ — safe, unharmed (a person in a state of safety).
What verb form is used in: يُعَلِّمُ الطِّفْلَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ?
Form II present tense verb — يُعَلِّمُ = ‘he teaches’.
What is the meaning and form of كَذَبَ?
Form I verb; ‘he lied’.
Translate and identify: يُعَلِّمُ
‘He teaches’ — Form II, present tense.
What are the 3-letter roots in Arabic used for?
They form the base of verbs and nouns. Patterns are applied to roots to build meanings.
