Arborist Certification Study Guide Questions Flashcards by William Harris

Sites of rapid cell division in the shoot tips and cambium are called??

Meristems

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Meristems located at the end of the shoots are called primary or what type of meristems?

Apical meristems

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The tendency for terminal buds to inhibit the growth of lateral buds is called??

Apical dominance

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The food factory of trees are the?

Leaves

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The process of ___________ combines carbon dioxide and water in a reaction driven by light to produce sugars is called?

Photosynthesis.

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What is the photosynthesis reaction create?

Sugar

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The green colour if leaves is created by the presence of what?

Chlorophyll

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Chlorophyll is necessary for the what to take place?

Photosynthesis.

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What is it called when water vapor is lost from the leaves.

Transpiration

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The opening and closing of what allows for gas exchange?

Stomata

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Stomata allow for gas exchange, and transpiration is controlled by the

Guard cells.

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Water and dissolved essential minerals are transported within the tree in the??

Xylem

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What conducts carbohydrates

Phloem

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What is the layer of meristematic cells located between the phloem and the xylem?

Cambium

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What is formed when the trunk tissue grows around the branch tissues.

Branch collar

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As the branch and trunk tissues expand against each other the branch union that is formed is called?

Branch bark ridge bark

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What protects the branches and trunk of a tree from mechanical injury and desiccation.

Bark!

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Four functions of the root system?

Absorption
Conduction
Anchorage
Storage
Hormone production

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Water enters young roots or mycorrhizal roots in part by a process called??

Osmosis

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Two orientation of growth responses to external stimulus are called

Geotropism

Phototropism

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What does CODIT stand for

Compartmentalization of decay in trees

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Trees with upright growth and a strong central leader are said to exhibit?

Excurrent

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Trees that have a more rounded and broader form then tall are called?

Decurrent

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Root and fungi form what?

Mycrorrhizae

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Roots and fungi form a symbiotic relationship aiding in the uptake of water and minerals this is formation is called

Mycorrhizae

The process by which chemical energy, stored as sugar and starch is released is called what?

Respiration

Threes that lose their leaves in the autumn-are called

Decidous

Trees that keep their leaves for more then a year are called

Evergreen

Uses more energy than it produces

Sink

Mosty located on the upper 12 inches of soil

Absorbing roots

Whats the “stalk” od the leaf called

Petiole

What are cells that cross the phloem and xylem for radial transport called.

Ray

Small openings in stems for gas exchange are called

Lenticel

Plant growth regulator

Auxin

Between the nodes of a twig

Internode

Mature green leaves

Source

Green pigment

Chlorophyll

When cutting through a tree you cut through what layers

Bark Phloem Cambium Xylem

If the terminal bid is removed in pruning

Growth may be stimulated in lateral.

The growth rings of many trees

Visible

Which layer of cells is responsible for outward growth and girth of a tree.

Cambium

Mycorrhizae are what

Are a symbiotic relationship between fungi and roots.

How long should the hinge be when felling a tree

80%

Plants that are specially adapted to dry conditions ate called

Xerophytes

What is it called when a rope dosent cross itself.

Bight

``` What is not a bacterial Heart rot Fire blight Crown call Bacterial leaf scorch ```

Heart rot is a fungus

Powdery mildew disease is most prevalent in what kind of climate warm and

Dry

If a tree has an especially large diameter how should the hinge be adjusted?

The hinge needs to be smaller

What determines the type of damage do e by and insect to a tree.

The mouth parts of inscects

``` What’s the optimal level of pore space in soil 25 50 75 100 ```

50%

What type of knot would be recommended for binding two ropes With different diameters

Sheet bend

In small trees approximately how much vertical space Should there be between scaffold branches

Three feet

The annual growth of a tree is a result of cell dividio. Of the Phloem Bark Xylem Cambium

Cambium

In which of these pruning techniques does the arborist cut the branch back to relatively weak point. Heading cut Undercut Reduction cut Topping

Heading cut

Whens a double crotching useful

When ascending a second leader in a decurrent tree

What pruning technique does the arborist used to cut the branch back to a realatively week point. Heading Under Reduction

Heading

What is not s component of a gymnosperm xylem. Tracheids Parenchyma cells Fibers Sieve tube elements

Sieve tube elements

``` A whoopie sling is another terms for a(an) Rope sling Webbing sling Adjustable eye to eye sling Two in one lanyard ```

Adjustable eye to eye sling

At which of the following soil PH levels would iron be most available. 8/7/6/5

Five

With respect to rope one cycle for a Rigging line is defined as a

One left one drop

In a rigging system Which of the following is usually the weakest component Polly block rigging line or carabiner

Rigging line

What is the first step in training a young tree

Remove dead and damaged branches

What is the name for a group within a species that has one trade in complete distinction to the other members of the species and naturally breeds to that trait Forma sub species cultivator or a variety

Variety

The plant growth regulators that inhibit the work cell elongating hormones are called Antigibberellins Sieve tube elements Photoysynthates Macronutrients

Antigibberellins

What is the term for a curve in a rope between the standing and working hands

A bight

What is the goal of integrated pest management

To maintain a tolerable level of Pest damage

And which of the following Mac Caroni nutrients is a tree most likely to be deficient Copper zinc nickel or boron

Zinc

What is the name for a large irregularly shaped area of dead tissue on a leaf Die back leave Bloch scorch or gummosis

Leaf blotche

With respect to the pull of the cable in which direction should Hardwear be installed

Dosent matter

When should plants that bloom on word from previous season be pruned After the blooms are shed After the first frost in autumn Just after they bloom

Just after they bloom

What type of fertilizer is recommended for newly planted trees

Slow release nitrogen fertilizer

``` Which protective baby used to correct the problems created by Topping Crown restoration crown thinning crown reduction crown cleaning ```

Crown restoration

Cytokinins are produced in the ________butt are crucial for growth in the_______

Roots and shoots

Cytokinins are produced in where

Roots

Cytokinins are crucial for the growth of what?

Shoots

What percentage of an ideal soil is made up of mineral solids 10 25 45 80

10%

Monocotyledons and cut dicotyledons or two classes of | Angiosperm or gymnosperm

Angiosperm

Three types of cable systems for multiple tree clusters

Box Hub and spoke Trianglar

When more then one cable is being attached to the same limb how much space do you leave between cables?

One equal distance to the diameter of the limb or 12 inches whichever is less. (One cable one anchor) (One cable per eye bolt)

Bracing rod installation (Lag threaded and machine threaded) Whats the distance for rod install if the crotch is not split?

One to two times the branch diameter above the crotch. | Multiple rod install off axis and 12” or diameter). Whichever is less

What is the recommended bend ratio for a pully part of a BLOCK system.

4:1 ratio | Braided rigging line

Whats the typical means if attaching common 7strand cable to Hardwear.

Eye splice

What is auxin | What is cytokinin

Auxin is a phytohormone responsible for growth. Auxin produced in the shoots sends signals to the roots to grow. Cytokinins produced in the root tips. The auxin and cytokinin pathways promote timely root and shoot growth.

What is heliotropism

Movement towards the light

Paraheliotropism means

Movement away from light

Arborist Certification Study Guide Questions Flashcards

(85 cards)