Arbres feuillus Flashcards
(24 cards)
Who am I?
Acer negundo
N. Commun: Érable à giguère (Mantioba Maple).
Il est appelé parfois Érable à feuilles de frêne (leaf ressembles a bit like ash leaf).
Famille: Sapindaceae
Indigène (Ouest Amérique - prairies surtout)
Zone 2 - Soleil-
Croissance rapide
Resiste très bien la sècheresse. Supporte très bien l’élagage. Tolère différents types de sols.
Insectes ou maladies: Rouille, chancre, perceur.
Fruit: non-comestible (sept-oct). Disamare (ailes peu écartées, en grappes pendants). Arbre qui produit bcp.
Floraison (avril-mai): Monoique: male = rougeâtres, femelle= jaune-vert.
Feuillage: composé & opposé
Feuille forme: penée, consiste de 3-5 folioles (jusqu’à 9). Foliole terminale est souvent lobée. Grossièrement dentée.
Feuille couleur: dessus vert clair. Dessous grisâtre-vert.
Feuille automne: Jaune
Hauteur: 15-20m Largeur: 15-20m.
(Aussi haut que large)
Port: irrégulier et souvent à plusieurs troncs.
Racines: superficielles et abondantes. Facile à transplanter.
Écorce: Gris clair (jeune). Devient foncé avec âge. Crètes étroites.
Who am i ?
Acer Saccharinum
alias: maple tree ; érable argenté
photo 1: silver maple
* most common tree in asia
* ils font tous des fruits-graines hélicoptères: “samaras”
* the closest relative: horse chestnut (aesculus)
Order: Sapindales
Family: Sapindaceae
Subfamily: Hippocastanoideae
Genus: Acer
Espèces: (environ 132)
who am i ?
Aesculus
alias: horse chestnut - Marronier d’inde
photo 1: Aesculus hippocastanum (horse chestnut)
* toxique
Order: Sapindales
Family: Sapindaceae
Subfamily: Hippocastanoideae
Genus: Aesculus
Espèces: (13-19 espèces)
Who am i?
Betula
alias: birch - bouleau
*Betula contains 30 to 60 known taxa of which 11 are on the IUCN 2011 Red List of Threatened Species. They are a typically rather short-lived pioneer species widespread in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in northern areas of temperate climates and in boreal climates.[
Order: Fagales
Family: Betulaceae
Subfamily: Betuloideae
Genus: Betula
Who am i ?
Carpinus
alias: hornbeam
* produces catkins
*Formerly some taxonomists segregated them with the genera Corylus (hazels) and Ostrya (hop-hornbeams) in a separate family, Corylaceae. However, modern botanists place Carpinus in the birch subfamily Coryloideae. Species of Carpinus are often grouped into two subgenera Carpinus subgenus Carpinus and Carpinus subgenus Distegicarpus. * Ostrya likely evolved from a Carpinus ancestor somewhere in C. subg. Distegicarpus making Carpinus paraphyletic.
Order: Fagales
Family: Betulaceae
Subfamily: Coryloideae (birch sub-family)
Genus: Carpinus
Espèces: (30-40 espèces. Seulement 2 espèces en Europe et 1 dans l’est de Amérique du Nord)
Carya
alias: hickory
Greek, carya: káryon = “nut”.
Algonquin, hickory: a shortening of pockerchicory, pocohicora, or a similar word, which may be the name for the hickory tree’s nut, or may be a milky drink made from such nuts.
https://education.mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/water-hickory
- plusieurs espèces comestibles (noix)
- pécanes sont un espèces de hickory
- Hickory nuts (genre: Carya) and walnuts (genre: Juglans) in the Juglandaceae family grow within an outer husk; these fruits are sometimes considered to be drupes or drupaceous nuts, rather than true botanical nuts. “Tryma” is a specialized term for such nut-like drupes
*Dried hickory nuts are 3% water, 18% carbohydrates, 13% protein, and 64% fats (table). In a 100 gram (3.5 oz) reference amount, dried hickory nuts supply 657 calories, and are a rich source (20% or more of the Daily Value, DV) of several B vitamins and dietary minerals, especially manganese at 220% DV (table). - Used by Cherokee Indians in making Kanuchi soup, while others are bitter and only suitable for animal feed. Shagbark and shellbark hickory, along with pecan, are regarded by some as the finest nut trees. Pecans are the most important nut tree native to North America
Order: Fagales
Family: Juglandaceae
Subfamily: Juglandoideae
Tribe: Juglandeae
Subtribe: Caryinae
Genus: Carya
Espèces: (environ 18. 12 indigène des É.-U. 2-4 indigène du Canada)
Catalpa
alias: Indian bean tree and cigar tree. (because of the bean-like seed pod)
From Muscogee language (Indigenous Peoples of Southeastern woodlands): “kutuhlpa” meaning “winged head”
Order: Lamiales
Family: Bignoniaceae
Tribe: Catalpeae
Genus: Catalpa
Espèces: (8 espèces)
Elaeagnus
alias: silverberry
elae-, is from ἐλαία, ‘olive’.
ἁγνός (hagnós), meaning ‘pure’, ‘chaste’.
- des espèces comestibles
- fleurs sans pétales. Fragrantes.
- Many Elaeagnus species harbor nitrogen-fixing organisms in their roots, so are able to grow well in low-nitrogen soils.[3] This ability results in multiple ecological consequences where these Elaeagnus species are present. They can become invasive in many locations where they are established as exotic species. Two species (E. pungens and E. umbellata) are currently rated as category II noxious, invasive species in many world regions[3] and by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council.[12]
Order: Rosales
Family: Elaeagnaceae
Genus: Elaeagnus
Espèces: (environ 50-70 espèces)
Who am i ?
Fagus
alias: beech - Hêtre
Order: Fagales
Family: Fagaceae
Subfamily: Fagoideae
K.Koch
Genus: Fagus
Who am i?
Fraxinus
alias: ash - Frêne
old english æsc (ash) = spear. wood was used to make spears.
- produces samaras seeds (helicopters)
- in the olive and lilac family
- emerald ash borer problem
Order: Lamiales
Family: Oleaceae
Tribe: Oleeae
Subtribe: Fraxininae
Genus: Fraxinus
Espèces: (45-65 espèces)
Ginkgo
Class: Ginkgoopsida
Order: Ginkgoales
Family: Ginkgoaceae
Genus: Ginkgo
Gleditsia
alias: honey locust
- thorny trees or shrubs in the pea family (Fabaceae)
- Gleditsia sinensis is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in Chinese herbology, where it is called zào jiá (皂荚)
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Genus: Gleditsia
Juglans
alias: walnuts
https://education.mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/water-hickory
* espèces comestibles
*Walnuts have 50% more protein than pecans (15g/100g compared to 10g/100g). Pecans on the other hand have less saturated fat (5g/100g) than walnuts (7g/100g). Both walnuts and pecans contain a massive 72 grams of fat in total per 100 grams. Pecans have more sugar (4g compared to 2g), perhaps explaining why they are sweeter.
Malus
= ancient Latin name for the apple tree.
ex: crab apples, wild apples, domesticated apple, rainberries
photo 1: crab apple “royalty”
photo 2: crab apple unidentified
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Subfamily: Amygdaloideae
Tribe: Maleae
Subtribe: Malinae
Genus: Malus
Espèces: (30-55 espèces)
Morus
alias: mulberry (blanc, noir, rouge,…)
Order: Rosales
Family: Moraceae
Tribe: Moreae
Genus: Morus
Espèces: (64 espèces)
who am i ?
Ostrya (ostrúa, greek: shell of animal)
alias: ironwood - ostryer de virginie
photos: ostrya virginiana
* ostrya virgianna: hardest, densest wood of any species in Canada.
* I.D. shaggy, narrow strips of bark. Look like fried bacon when they peel.
*conical or irregular crown and a scaly, rough bark. alternate double-toothed birch-like leaves 3–10 cm long.
Order: Fagales
Family: Betulaceae
Subfamily: Coryloideae
Genus: Ostrya
Espèces: (8-10 espèces)
who am i ?
Phellodendron
Greek: phellos meaning ‘cork’ and dendron meaning ‘tree’.
Alias: cork tree - Phellodendron de l’amur
photos: phellodendron amurense
* not thick enough to produce commercial cork.
* used for yellow commercial dyes
* one of 50 traditional chinese medicines
* invasive species in wisconsin forests
Order: Sapindales
Family: Rutaceae
Subfamily: Zanthoxyloideae
Genus: Phellodendron
Espèces: ( …)
who am i ?
Platanus
Alias : Platane
(greek: platús = broad (leaf)).
(alias: sycamore, london plane)
photo: various
Order: Proteales
Family: Platanaceae (reste seulement le genre Platanus, et 8 espèces)
Genus: Platanus
Espèces: (seulement 8 espèces. Tous vivant dans l’Hémisphère Nord).
who am i ?
Populus
alias: aspen, cottonwood
Latin “pōpulus” is not related. pre-greek origin unknown.
photos: différentes espèces
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Salicaceae (Les seuls genres de cette famille sont Populas (aspen) & Salix (willow))
Subfamily: Salicoideae
Tribe: Saliceae
Genus: Populus
Espèce: (30-40 espèces)
Leaf stems (pétioles), are flattened (except in Balm-of-Gilead) = allows leaves to flutter in slightest breeze. BARK can be snow white, light gray, or a yellowish green. Often mistaken for paper birch. Elk eat the bark : lot of sugars -does photosynthesis
who am i ?
Prunus
alias: plum, prune, peach, apricot, cherry
a tree or shrub of a large genus that includes many varieties grown for their spring blossom (cherry and almond) or for their fruit (plum, peach, and apricot).
(latin: prūnum = prunes. prunus = arbre)
(greek: proumnon = prunes. proumnē= tree)
Photo 1: arbre cerises sûres
Photo 2: nectarine
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Subfamily: Amygdaloideae
Tribe: Amygdaleae
Genus: Prunus
Espèce: (environ 430 espèces)
who am i ?
Quercus macrocarpa
alias, oak, chêne
Oak: any tree or shrub belonging to the genus Quercus, of the beech family, bearing the acorn as fruit.
Order: Fagales
Family: Fagaceae
Subfamily: Quercoideae
Genus: Quercu
Espèces: (Environ 500)
who am i ?
Salix
alias: willow - Saule
photo: salix babylonica; weeping willow
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Salicaceae (Les seuls genres de cette famille sont Populas & Salix)
Genus: Salix (Willow)
Espèces: (environ 460 espèces)
who am i ?
Sorbus
alias: service berry - sorbier
(photo: sorbus aucuparia; service berry)
Fruit: rouge
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Sorbus
Espèces: (plus de 100)
who am i ?
Tilia
alias: lime tree? Tilleul
Tilia is the ancient Latin name for the lime tree
(photo: Tilia Americana)
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Tilioideae
Genus: Tilia
Espèces: (il existe 30 espèces)Tilia is the ancient Latin name for the Lime Tree.
