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Interview > Architecture > Flashcards

Architecture Flashcards

1
Q

OSI Layers

A 
7 Application (HTTP,FTP)
6 Presentation (ASCII,JPEG)
5 Session (sockets)
4 Transportation (TCP,UDP, IPSec,ICMP)
3 Network (IPv4, IPv6)
2 Data Link  (Ethernet, MPLS)
1 Physical layer
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2
Q

DNS Record

A 
A record
CNAME
NS
MX
SRV
TXT
PRT
SOA
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3
Q

How DNS works?

A
  1. Browser enter example.com
  2. check browser’s cache
  3. check OS cache
  4. get DNS Recursive resolver from ISP
    5 RV check cache
    6 RV queries Root name server
    7 RV gets TLD from Root NS
    8 RV queries TLD
    9 RV gets Authoritative NS
    10 RV queries Authoritative and gets information back to OS
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4
Q

How SAML works?

A

Authenticate users
SSO
Markup language (XML) via browser sessions
1. User wants to enter into Service Provider
2. User redirected to Identity Provider with SAML request in browser session
3. User authenticates
4. User redirected to Service Provider with authorised token

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5
Q

How OAuth works?

A

Authorise users/services
JSON based , works with API
Service Provider = Facebook
Consumer = App
1. User wants grant post permission to an App on Facebook
2. App gets Request token and Secret (to sign future requests) from Facebook and redirect user to facebook
3 User authorise Access with Request token
4 User tells App, access is authorised
5 App gets Access token and make the posts

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6
Q

What is OpenID

A

Open standard to authenticate users
User can have an OpenID and uses on all service providers that supports OpenID (google)
it uses OAuth 2.0

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7
Q

what are TCP/IP layers and their mapping to OSI?

A

7,6,5 –> Application
4 –> Transport
3 –> Network
2,1 —> Network interface

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8
Q

What is CIDR?

A

IP address scheme / bits

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9
Q

What is DDOS?

A

distributed denial of service attack - flood of TCP and UDP packets
AWS Shield

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10
Q

what is CDN?

A

Content delivery network - reduce latency - CloudFront

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11
Q

What is a NoSQL DB?

A 
Unstructured  item
Index  base search
primary unique  key (partition  Key)
Sort key (
Eventually consistent Read
Simple horizontal scaling
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12
Q

What is a SQL DB?

A

Tables and rows
A = atomicity - multiple statements single transaction
C = consistency - no data curruption
I = isolation - parallel transactions are isoleted
D = durability -one committed , data is not lost

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13
Q

3 type of storage?

A

Object storage
File storage
Block storage

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14
Q

What is Asymmetric encryption?

A

Public and private keys
PGP
TLS

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15
Q

What is symmetric encryption?

A

single key encrypt/decrypt

AES-256

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16
Q

Three tier architecture?

A

Presentation tier
Application tier
Data tier

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17
Q

Some DB ports ?

A 
MySQL = 3306
DynamoDB = 8000
Postgres = 5432
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18
Q

What is throughput?

A

Amount of data transferred from source to destination in Mbps

19
Q

What is latency?

A

Delay from source to destination, milliseconds

20
Q

What is XML?

A

Data separated from language - you can have data validation with XSD

21
Q

what is TCP?

A

exchange packets via a connection oriented, with error checking

22
Q

What is UDP?

A

exchange packets, with no connection and no error checking , bit it has checksum for data integrity

23
Q

What is MPLS?

A

fast routing data between networks , usually used for dedicated lines connectivity

24
Q

What is RAID 0,1,5?

A

RAID 0 = min 2 disks distributed data, no parity, no striping
RAID 1 = min 2 disks data mirroring, no parity, striping
RAID 5 =min 3 disks, parity + striping

25
Q

what is IOPS?

A

input/output operations per second: Gp2:16k, io1:64k, st1:500, sc1:250

26
Q

What is bandwidth?

A

max capacity in Mbps

27
Q

What is a container?

A

like a Docker container - it contains an application with all its dependencies + libraries + OS

28
Q

What is sharding?

A

distribute data across computers

29
Q

what is NAS, SAN, DAS?

A

Network file storage: Ethernet
Storage Area Network: EBS/Fiber cable
Direct Attached Storage: SCSI

30
Q

What is unicast, multicast, anycast?

A 
Unicast =  single destination
Multicast =  multiple destinations
Anycast = best destination (Ex: geo)
31
Q

what is partitioning?

A

data segmentation in a single computer

32
Q

What is RPO?

A

Recovery Point Objective = amount of time data is lost

33
Q

What is RTO?

A

Recovery Time Objective = amount of time to restore normal operations

34
Q

How to move data into Big Data DB? logical steps

A
  1. Collection
  2. Ingestion
  3. Discovery and cleansing
  4. Integration (integrate different sources into one view)
  5. Analysis
  6. Delivery
35
Q

What is a router?

A

Manages subnets and ip ranges
Connects different networks
Routers guide and direct network data,
prioritizes the data, and chooses the best route to use for each transmission.

36
Q

What is a switch?

A

connects devices to a network

37
Q

What tools for testing?

A 
JUnit
JMeter
SoapUI
Appium  =  mobile apps
Selenium = web UI tests
JProfiler = performance
38
Q

How VPN site to site works?

A 
Over  internet
Remote IP (public)
Local IP
IKE 1 e 2 = tipologia di crittografazione e scambio chiavi  IPSec tunnels (2)
BGP or static routing
39
Q

Type of performance testing?

A
  1. Capacity testing= number of users
  2. Load Test = increase load to threshold
  3. Volume Test =large amount t of data
  4. Strees Testing = load over its capacity
  5. Endurance Testing = large load over time
  6. Spike Testing = create spikes of load
40
Q

how do you work with in SCRUM?

A 
Product Vision
Epics
Stories
Sprint planning (DoD, Story points, Spikes)
Sprint (iteration) Daily standups
Sprint review (demo)
Sprint retrospective
41
Q

How Git flow works?

A 
Master
--------->hot fixes
Develop
--------> releases (only test e bug fixes)
--------> features (real  development)
42
Q

What governance in place for architecture?

A 
Architecture Review Board must approve:
--> Architecture Overview Document
Solution Review Board
then Product architects:
--> Solution Definition Document
Solution Architects:
--> Detailed  Solution Architecture Document
43
Q

How do you manage a process of mass migration?

A

5 steps:
1. Opportunity evaluation (What is the business case or compelling event that will drive your migration to the cloud?)
2. Portfolio discovery and planning (What’s in your environment, what are the interdependencies, what will you migrate first, and how will you migrate it?)
For each application (choose one of 6 migration strategies):
3. Application Design
4. Migration and validation
5 . Operate (Finally, as applications are migrated, you iterate on your new foundation, turn off old systems, and constantly iterate toward a modern operating model.)

44
Q

what are the 6 migrations strategies to cloud?

A
  1. Rehosting (lift and shift)
  2. Replatforming (not changing core architecture)
  3. Repurchansing (move to new cloud service SaaS)
  4. Refactoring (change the architecture)
  5. Retire
  6. Retain

Interview (3 decks)

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