ARDS Flashcards

1
Q

Definitia Berlin

(anomalii schimb de gaze, toate cu PEEP ≥ 5 cmH2O)

A

USOR 300-200 mmHg (40-26,6 kPa) → 27%

MODERAT 200-100 mmHg (26,6 - 13,3 kPa) → 32%

SEVER <100 mmHb (<13,3 kPa) → 45%

10% din internarile pe ATI sunt conforme cu definitia Berlin pt ARDS

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2
Q

Cel mai frecvent factor predispozant

A

SEPSIS

20-40% pac cu sepsis sever → ARDS

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3
Q

ARDS = manif precoce a unui raspuns inflamator generalizat cu disfunctie endoteliala

frecv asociat cu

A

MODS

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4
Q

EDEM PULMONAR NON-CARDIOGEN

A

caracteristica principala a ARDS

primul semn, cel mai evident dpdv clinic

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5
Q

Cresterea generalizata a permeab vasculare e cauzata de

A

modificari microcirculatorii

eliberare mediatori imunitari

ROL CHEIE

neutrofilele activate

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6
Q

Este de asemenea modificat in stadii incipiente

A

epiteliul pulmonar

⇓ prod de surfactant → predisp la colaps alveolar

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7
Q

HTP

uneori complicata de INSUF VENTRIC DREAPTA

A

frecv in ARDS

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8
Q

Initial

obstructia mecanica a circ pulmonare poate aparea ca urmare a

A

compresiunii vasculare prin edem interstitial

activare locala cascada de coagulare → tromboza + obstructie in microcirculatia pulmonara

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9
Q

Ulterior

vasoconstrictia pulmonara se poate dezvolta ca

A

raspuns la o activitate nervoasa autonoma crescuta

la compusii circulanti → catecolamine + tromboxani

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10
Q

Vasoconstrictia apare la nivelul

A

vaselor care iriga alveolele cu presiuni de O2 scazute ( = raspuns pulmonar hipoxic vasoconstrictor)

→ deviaza fluxul sanguin pulmonar → teritorii pulmonare mai bine oxigenate

→ limiteaza gradul de sunt

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11
Q

EXSUDAT HEMORAGIC INTRA-ALVEOLAR

A

bogat in

trombocite

fibrina + fibrinogen

factori de coagulare

poate inactiva surfactantul

stimuleaza inflamatia

sustine formarea mb hialine + migrarea fibroblastilor in spatiile aeriene

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12
Q

Primul semn al dezv ARDS

A

tahipnee inexplicabila

urmata de

hipoxemia + lipsa de aer

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13
Q

In ambele campuri pulmonare se percep la auscultatie

A

raluri fine subcrepitante

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14
Q

Rx

A

INITIAL

opacifiere bilat difuza, interstitiala

ULTERIOR

desen alveolar si bronhograme aerice

DG DIF

IC

fibroza pulmonara

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15
Q

Tratament

A

afectiunea de baza (eradicare sepsis)

masuri de sustinere

evitare complicatii (lez pulm induse de ventilator / pneumonia asociata vent)

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16
Q

Baza tratamentului

A

ventilatia mecanica

17
Q

Limitare edem pulmonar

A

restrictie fluide

diuretice

nu reusesc → prevenirea supraincarcarii fluide : hemofiltrare

OBIECTIV: obtinere balanta negativa semnificativa

18
Q

PRONATIA

A

densitati pulmonare din reg dependenta → redistribuite

fractiunea de sunt redusa

19
Q

OXID NITRIC INHALATOR

A

vasodilatator

amelioreaza raportul ventilatie-perfuzie :

⇑ perfuziei terit pulmonare ventilate

⇓ HTP

amelioreaza oxigenarea la responderi cu ARDS

nu s-a dovedit cresterea supravietuirii

20
Q

PROSTACICLINE INHALATORII

A

efecte similare cu oxidul nitric inhalator

mai usor de adm

raspuns variabil

imbunatateste oxigenarea

rezultate neclare

21
Q

STEROIZI

A

poate imbunatati functia pulmonara

nu pare sa imbun rezultatele

22
Q

Prognostic

A

mortalitatea a scazut in ultimele 2 decenii → 20-40%

23
Q

Prognosticul depinde in mare masura de

A

etiologie

ARDS + sepsis intraabd → rata ⇑ mortalitate

ARDS primar (pneumonie / aspiratie / contuzie pulmonara) ⇓

24
Q

Maj deceselor datorate ARDS apar ca urmare a

A

MODS

instab hemodinamica

mai degraba decat a deteriorarii schimbului de gaze