Area of Practice Flashcards
(167 cards)
1
Q
Fiscal Impact Analysis
A
Also known as a cost revenue analysis, is used to estimate the cost and revenues of a proposed development on a local government. For example, if a developer plans to build a regional shopping mall, what will be the cost to extend and maintain infastructure. providing pig access service, and transit access?
2
Q
Average Per Capita Method
A
A fiscal analysis method that divides the total local budget by the existingpopulation in a city to determine the average per capita cost for the jurisdiction. Simplest method, but least reliable.
3
Q
Adjusted Per Capita Method
A
A fiscal anlaysis method that uses the ficugre calculated above and adjusts this based on expectations about the new development. This relies on subjective judgement.
4
Q
Disaggregated Per Capita Method
A
Disaggregated Method estimates the costs and revenues based on major land use. I.e the cost of servicing a shopping center versus an apartment complex.
5
Q
Dynamic Method
A
A fiscal analysis method that applies statistical analysis to time-series data from a jurisdiction. For example, how much sales tax revenue is generated per capita from a grocery store and applies this to the new development . This method requires more time and data.
6
Q
Steps for Comphensive Planning
A
(1) identify stakeholder (2) define goals (3) gather information and analysis (4) develop alternatives (5) select an alternative
7
Q
Tribal Planning
A
engages tribal govt leaders, residents, and businesses in preparing plans and administering planning process in support of tribal community.
8
Q
Tribal Transportation Process
A
allows federal agencies to consult with Tribes on transportation policy, regulation and projects.
9
Q
Subdivision
A
The division of land into two or more parcels, sites, or lots, for the purpose of transfer of ownership, or other forms of valuable interest. Definition varies state to state.
10
Q
Plat
A
is a map of a tract or parcel of land
11
Q
Replat
A
allows for lots to be subdivided further or added back together
12
Q
Amending Plat
A
Corrects errors or adds additional info to plat
13
Q
Vacating plat
A
allos for a plat to be terminated prior to the selling of any lots
14
Q
Preliminary Plat
A
is a to-scale mechical drawing with precise togopgraphy and prescribed intervals showing the calucated location of all lots, streets, drainage patterns, facilities ,and proposed dedications.
15
Q
Final Plat
A
approved preliminary plat with all bearing, monuments, curves, and notations, together with all dedications, easement, and approvals.
16
Q
Purpose of Subdivision Regulatioin
A
- regulate subdivision development and implement planning policies
- implement plans for oderly growth and development
- ensure adequate provision for streets, alleys, parks, and other community facilities
- ensure sanitary conditions
- require compliance with certain standards
- to officially register land
17
Q
Plat a property
A
- applicant submits prelimary plat
- preliminary plat is reviewed by staff for compliance with subdivision
- plat is then reviewed by the planning commission
- once the preliminary plat is approved by the planning commission, the property owners prepares the final plat
- final plat then repeats the process above until it is approved by the planning commission
18
Q
Extraterritorial Jurisdiction (ETJ)
A
The distance outside of the city limits where the subdivision regulation applies
19
Q
Performance Bond
A
is a agreement between the property owner and the community to ensure the final plat is built as shown on the drawings within a certain time period. If developer fails to meet the requirments, the governemtn may use the bond to cover the cost of constructing the improvements. The bond is release once the improvements are in place and inspected.
20
Q
Subdivision Bonus
A
is the extension of development benefits beyond those normally offered in exchange for enhancements such as affordable housing, cluster housing, and open space preservation. The developer may receive assistance with infastructure, impact fees may be waived, or the ability to construct at a higher density may be granted.
21
Q
Planning and Zoning Commission Role
A
required to issue recommendations in matters of zoning. These recommendations are made to a governing body (e.g. the City Council or Country Commissioners). In other cases,
P&Z renders final approval of cases.
22
Q
Board of Zoning Appeals
A
is a quasi-judicial board that hears cases for variances, special exceptions to the zoning ordiance, and appeals of staff’s administration of the zoning ordinance.
23
Q
City Council Role in Zoning
A
Governing body of a city often has the final say a zoning issues. The planning and zoning commission makes recommendations on zoning cases to the City Council. The CC is then charged with making the final decision on whether to approve or disapprove a case. In order for a community to adopt zoning, two seperate documents must be created: the zoning text and zoning map.
24
Q
Zoning Text
A
lays out the exact regulation that zoning is created to implement. It is a document that is adopted as law by the local governing body. The text must, at a minimum, establish the different zones applicable in the community and the uses allowable in each zone, either by right or wit ha conditional use permit.
25
Zoning Map
Zoning map is where zoning clearly becomes applicable ot the individual properties.
26
Zoning Amendments
Zoning can be changed in two ways. ONe is amendment to the zoning ordinance or text. The other is an amendment to the zoning map.
27
Euclidian Zoning
Euclidean zoning is named after the City of Euclid, Ohio. The places the most protective restrictions on residential land uses, less on commerical uses, and virtually none on industrial uses.
28
Cumulative Zoning
Cumulative zoning is less protective of various land uses than Euclidean zoning. However, cumulative zoning, each succesive zoning district allows all the uses from the previous zone. i.e multi-family district allows apartments and all uses allowed in the single-family district.
29
Modified Cumulative Zoning
A modified version of cumulative zoning has been developed to allow cities to provide a greater degree of protection than they would with cumulative zoning. Inside the text of a zoning ordiance, eaching doning district list the permitted and conditional uses.
30
Conditional use permit ways of issuance
(1) runs with the land (2) runs with the ownership
31
Nonconforming use
is property use that existed prior t the adoption of a district regulation and is allowed to continue under the "grandfather clause"
32
Amortization
Sets a definite period of time within the which the use must come into compliance with the zoning ordiance. Amortization is often quite controversial because it requires that the administrators of the ordinance determine a fair period of time during which the uses will be allowed to continue before it must come into full compliance. The time period is based on the property owner's original investment, the use of the property and other factors that affect the owners potential income.
33
Accessory Use
is one that is incidential to the main use of a property. It is typically located on teh same lot as teh main use and smaller in size than the main use. (ie. garage apartment)
34
Planned Unit Development (PUD)
PUDs are unique zoning tool that can offer an alternative to strict zoning regulation. PUDs are typsicall used for large developments that include a mixes of uses. The entire development site plan ins reviewed by the governing body.
35
Overlay Zoning
A set of additional restrictions that are placed over the top of an existing zone. Two common overlays are for airports and historic preservation.
36
Variance
is a change in terms of the zoning regulations due to economic or physical hardship. There are two types of variances; the use variance and the area variance.
37
Use Variance
Variance allows a property to have a use not explicitly allowed under the zoning district regulation. For example, business owner would like to operate an ice cream shop in an area that is not zoned for restaurant uses.
38
Area variance
Variance allows property to be excluded from the physical site requirments under the zoning ordiance. I.e allow a owner to set a 20 ft setback instead of the required 25f ft
39
Big-Box retail
has 50,000 or more square feet in a large box
40
Concentrated animal feeding operations
include the practice of raising farm animals indoors and in high volumes. Local govt may be limited in their ability to regulate concentrated animal feeding operations because of Right-to-Farm laws which limit the ability of local government to regulate commercial farms and limit lawsuits.
41
Floor Area Ratio
is the ratio of a building's total floor area (gross) to the size of the piece of land upon which it is built. FAR is most frequently used in downtown area to help control light and air. A FAR of 0.1 would mean that aon a 10,000 sq ft lot the building could have no more than 1,000 sq ft total.
42
Maximum parking standards
alt to the minimum parking standards. Max parking standards cap the amount of parking that a property owner or business can provide.
43
Permitted Uses
Uses of a parcel where the owner does not need to ask the City for permission
44
Conditional Uses
Permits that allow a certain use in a district only when it is compatible with its surroundings. The conditional uses permit is also known as a special use permit or specific use permit. Can be issued in two ways (1) runs with the land (2) runs with the ownership.
45
Teardown
term that refers to the demolition of a home for the purposes of building a larger home on the same lot.
46
Growth Management Plan
is a planning approach that pre-dates smart growth and sustainability planning (but is in the same family). Examples include Puget Sound Regional Council
47
Smart Growth
term used to planning for greater sustainability. Includes the following principles:
1. range of housing
2. create walkable neighborhoods
3. encourage community and stakeholder collaboration
4. foster distinctive, attractive places with a strong sense of place
5. make development decisions predictable, fair, and cost effective,
6. mixed land uses
7. preserve open space
8. provide a variety of transportation choices
9. strengthen and direct development toward existing communities
10. take advantage of compact building design
48
Triple Bottom LIne
Coined by John Elkington in 1994. Argued that companies should be preparing three different bottom lines; one for corporate profit, one for people, and one for the planet.
49
Carrying Capacity
is used in city planning to discuss the maximum population and employment that could be carried within a particular community.
50
Origins-Destination Survey
A survey that requires that roadblocks be set up along major routes. Motorist within the cordon area can then be sampled and asked questions on where they are coming from and where they are going. A more detailed survey with questions on socioeconomic characteristics can also be given to those sampled.
51
Cross Tabulation models
can also be used to estimate trip generation. They allow for estimates of trip generation rates based on land use type, purpose, or socioeconomic characteristics. Needless to say, trip generation estimates based on current data becomes less and less valid with age.
52
Trip Distribuion
Exams where people are going A region or area is often divided into traffic zones. Trip distribution information generally provides information on how many trips are made between each zone and every other zone.
53
VMH (Vehicles Miles Traveled)
is a measure of vehicular mobility obtained from travel inventories. Vehicle miles of travel is a function of many factors, including topography, population density, travel distance between homes and other daily destination, and the availability of mass transit.
54
Federal- Aid Highway Act
in 1939, President Roosevelt proposed a 43,000 km system of highways. These highways, to be selected by state highway departments, authorized the highway system but did not provide funding. This federal legislation mandated for urban transportation planning in the US.
55
Responsibility of Public Road Administration
responsible for implementing the highway system, and in 1947 designated 60,640 km of interstate highways. The federal-Aid highway Act autorized $25 million for the construction of interstae highway and another $175 million two years later.
56
Federal Legislation that have focused on providing funding for transit, pedestrian, and bicycle facilities.
Intermodal Surface Efficiency Act (ISTEA) -1991
Transportation Equity Act (TEA-2)
Transportation Equity Act 3 (TEA3)
Safe, Accountable, Flexible, and Efficient Transportation Equity Act (SAFETEA)
Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century (MAP-21)
57
Fixing America's Surface Transportation (FAST) (passed 2015)
First long-term transportation funding bill passed since 2005. Allos city planners to set their own street design standards for local federally funded projects. Did not raise gas tax (last raised 1993)
58
MPO
created to meet federal requirements for urban transportation planning. Urban areas with populations of 50,000 or more dare required to develop comprehensive urban transportation plans in order to receive federal assistance for road construction projects.
59
FHA requirements for areas with a population of more than 200,000
(1) regional transportation plan
(2) Transportation Improvement Program (TIP)
(3) Unified planning work program for areas with populations of 200,000 or more
These items are prepared by the MPOs
60
TIPS
Lists all projects for which federal funds are anticipated , along with non-federally funded projects that are regionally significant. TIPS represents the transportation improvement priorities of the region and is required by federal law. TIPS show estimated cost and schedule by project phase (preliminary engineering, final design, right of way acquisition, and construction)
61
TDM (Transportation Demand Mangement)
general term used to describe strategies for the efficient use of transportation.
62
Standard Parking Space
9 or 10 ft by 18 ft (approx 180 sq ft)
63
Adequate Public Facilities Ordinance (APFO)
allows local governments to deny or delay new developments if the existing government services (water and sewer, roads, school, fire, and police) cannot support it. The APFO ensures that new development does not negatively impact a community's quality of life by overburdening public services.
64
Concurrency
The practices of requiring that infrastructure be in place and available at a specified level of service prior to allowing new development to occur.
65
Daylighting
The practice of placing windows or other transparent media, and reflective surfaces so that natural light provides effective internal illumination during the day.
66
Blue Infastructure
refers to a water-based infrastructure that can include stormwater management.
67
Green Infastructure
emphasized the role of the natural environment in land use planning. A significant emphasis is on converting single-purpose gray stormwater infrastructure
68
Hazard mitigation
any action to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property from natural hazards
69
What are the four overlapping phases of response and recovery?
(1) the emergency period - covers the initial hours or days following the disaster
(2) the restoration period - time time following the emergency period until major urban service and transportation are restored, evacuees returned, and rubble removed
(3) replacement reconstruction period - the city rebuilds capital stock to pre-disaster level and social and economic activities return to their previous levels
(4) Commemorative, betterment, and developmental reconstruction period, major reconstruction activities take place and future growth and development
70
Adaption
Adjustment of human and natural systems in response to actual or expected effects of climate change.
71
Fresilience
the ability of a community to return to its original form after it has been changed.
72
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act
The act constitutes the authority of the federal government, FEMA, to respond to a disaster. The Stafford Act outlines four primary components of state hazard mitigation plan.
(1) evaluation of natural hazards in the designated area
(2) A description and analysis of the state and local hazard management
(3) Hazard mitigation goals and objectives and proposed strategies, programs, and actions to reduce or avoid long-term vulnerability to hazards
(4) A method of implementing monitoring, evaluating, and updating the mitigation plan
- The stafford Act was amneded in the Disaster MItigation Act of 2000, which requires local govt to prepare and adopt hazard mitigation plans (focus on prevention)
73
National Flood Insurance Program
reduce the impact of flooding on private and public structures, it does so by providing affordable insurance to property owners, renters, and businesses and by encourage communities to adopt and enforce floodplain management.
74
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California
Created in 1927 in order to create the Colorado River Aqueduct. It ran a water pipeline to LA.
75
Rachel Carson
Author of Silent Spring published in 1962. The book examined the dangers of chemical pesticides such as DDT on plants and animals and humans.
76
Effluent Standards
set restrictions on the discharge of pollutants into the environment. Effluent guidelines reduce the discharge of pollutants that have serious environmental impacts.
77
Point Source Pollution
discharged directly from a specific site, such as a sewage treatment plant or an industrial pipe
78
Non-point Source Pollution
is contaminated runoff from many sources
79
Aquifer
is one or more strata of rock and sediment that is saturated and sufficiently permeable to yield economically significant qualities of water to wells or springs. An aquifer includes any geologic material that is currently used or could be used as a source of water within the target distance limit.
80
Estuary
Area where freshwater meets salwater
81
Lagoon
Shallow body of water located alongside a coast
82
Marsh
type of freshwater brackish water or saltwater wetland found along rivers, ponds, lakes, and coasts.
83
Reservoir
pond, lake, tank, or basin that can be used for the storage and control of water, and can be either natural or man-made
84
Surface Water
rivers, lakes, oceans, ocean-like water bodies, and coastal tidal waters
85
Swamp
freshwater wetland that have spongy muddy land and lots of water
86
Watershed
is a region drained by, or contributing water to a a surface water body
87
The Clean Water Act
Passed in 1972, (major amendment in 1977. The act required anyone wanting to discharge pollutants into a body of water to obtain a permit. It also regulates the amount of water that can be discharged and the types of pollutants that can be released.
88
Point Source Discharge Permit
must be obinated from the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination system (NPDES).
89
Clean Air Act
Established in 1970 the act has provisions that cu off federal funding for metropolitan areas that are not in attainment. In non-attainment areas, new pollution contributed by the source. The EPA publishes a Green Book which list National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) designation, classification, and nonattainment status.
90
Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)
relates to air quality and requires that a project will not increase emissions above a specified PSD increment.
91
Ambient Air Quality Standrds
the max air contaminant concentration allowed in the ambient air.
92
NEPA
resulted in the creation of the Council of Environmental Quality. NEPA requires federal agencies to prepare an environmental impact statement (EIS) for all major federal actions that may significantly affect the quality of the human environment. Not all federal actions require a full EIS, a mini document called Environmental Assessment (EA). The findings of EA determine if a EIS is required.
93
Rivers and Harbors Act (1899)
Considered the oldest environmental law in the US. prohibited the construction of any bridge, dam, dike, or causeway over any navigable waterway in the US.
94
Water Quality Act of (1965)
Established the Water Pollution Control Administration within the Department of the Interiors
95
Coastal Zone Management Act (1972)
focused efforts to reduce polluted runoff in 29 coastal states
96
Federal Water Pollution Control Act (1972)
amended the Water Pollutant Act of 1948. The amendments broadened the govt authority over water pollution and restructured the authority for water pollution under the EPA.
97
Endangered Species Act of 1973
provided protection of animal and plant species in the US Fish and Wildlife Service designates as threatened or endangered
98
Public Utilities Regulatory Policy Act (PURPA) of 1978
promotes alt energy sources, energy efficiency, and reduce dependence on foreign oil
99
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) 1980
Created $1.6 billion Superfund to clean up abandoned hazardous waste sites and requires major industries to report annual releases of toxic wastes into the air, water, or ground. Superfund is teh common name for CERCLA. There are more than 1200 superfund sites across the US.
100
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976
Provided EPA with the ability to control hazardous waste from the cradle to grave. This includes the generation, transpo, treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste.
101
Toxic Substances Control Act (1976)
provided EPA with responsibility for reporting, record-keeping and testing requirements, and restrictions relating to chemical sustances and/or mixtures.
102
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
were originally passed in 1947 and established procedures for registering pesticides with the US Department of Agriculture.
103
Safe Drinking Water Act
passed in 1974. Protects both the sources of drinking water and the end product.
104
Environmental Justice
Executive order by President Clinton in 1994. Requires federal agencies to strive to making achieving environmental justice part of their mission by addressing the disproportionate adverse environmental and human health impacts of its policies, programs, and activities on minority and low income populations.
105
Biomass Energy
uses organic material which is burned to create energy. Biomass is renewable organic material cu has wood or ethanol (derived almost exclusively from corn).
106
Passive Solar Design
mitigates building's energy needs. The goal of passive design is to maximize the amount of direct sunlight available to each building - for example, orienting streets and front lot lines along the east-west axis.
107
Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems
uses photovoltaic cell tech to capture radiant energy from the sun and create electricity.
108
Building Insulation Rating
Building are made more efficient by using insulation, which is rating in terms of thermal resistance, called R- value (the resistance to heat flow). The higher the R-value, the greater the insulation.
109
Enterprise Zone
geographic areas in which companies can qualify for a variety of subsidies. EZ subsidies include corporate income tax credit, property tax abatements, and other tax exemptions and incentives.
110
Context Sensitive Design
refers to roadway standards and development practices that are flexible and sensitive to community values.
111
Form Based Code
type of zoning code that regulates development to achieve a specific urban form. Form-based code address the relationship between building facades and the public realm.
112
Biophilic Design
concerns the need to create habitat for people as biological organisms. There are direct ways and indirect ways.
113
Public Health Movement
Second half of 1800s.
114
Tenement Housing Act (1867)
Passed in 1867 - first major housing code in the US. Act required all rooms with tenements to have windows, but it did not require windows, but it did not require windows to open to the outside.
115
Tenement Housing Act of (1879)
Thsi law required that windows open to outside air, which resulted in the dumbbell tenement housing types with open air shafts. This form of housing often had poor lighting, little air, and little space.
116
Jacob Riis
published How the Other Half Lives, which highlighted the plight of the poor
117
Tenement Housing of 1901 (NY state)
Outlawed dumbbell tenements. a new housing code was vigorously enforced by the City. The City require inspection and permits for construction and alterations. It required wide light and air between buidlings, as well as toilets and running water in each apt
118
Neighborhood Unit Concept
Published in 1929 by Clarence Perry. The neighborhood unit concept defines a neighborhood based on a five-minute walking radius, with a school at its center. Each neighborhood is approx 160 acres.
119
Public Works Administration (PWA)
created in 1934 following the Great Depression, provided 85% of cost of public housing projects. First federally supported public housing program
120
National Housing Act
Passed in 1934 by Congress. Established the federal housing administration with the purpose of insuring home mortgages.
121
Resettlement Administration
Passed in 1935, used New Deal funds to develop new towns throughout the US. Three of these were "Greenbelt" communities.
122
U.S Housing Act
Passed in 1937, provided $500 million in homes loans for the development of low-cost housing. The act tied slum clearance to the public housing. In addition, Section 8 housing act of 937 authorized project-based rental assistance where the owner reserves some or all of the units in a building for low-income tenants
123
Servicemen's Readjustment Act (GI Bill)
guaranteed home loans to veterans. The result was teh rapid development of suburbs.
124
Housing Act 1949
First comprehensive housing legislation passed in the US. Called for the construction of 800,000 new housing units and emphasized slum clearance.
125
Housing Act 1954
called for slum prevention and urban renewal. The act provided funding for planning for cities under 25,000 population. 701 funds were later expanded to allow for statewide, interstate, and regional planning.
126
Housing Act 1959
made federal matching funds available for comprehensive planning at the metropolitan,regional, state and interstate level
127
Housing Act 1961
provided interest subsidies to nonprofit organizations, limited dividend corporations, cooperative, and public agencies for the construction of public housing projects for low and moderate income families to rent.
128
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
was formed through the housing and urban development act of 1965. The act put into place rent subsidies for the poor, home loans at reduced interest rates ,and subsidies for public housing projects.
129
Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act (1966)
launch of the model cities program. Act provided financial incentives for coordinated metro area planning for open spaces, water supply, sewage disposal, and mass transit. It established a loan guarantee program to encourage the development of new communities. The Civil Rights Act of 1968 made racial discrimination in the sale or rental of housing illegal.
130
Fair Housing Act (FHA)
This expansion of previous acts to prohibit discrimination concerning the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin, and since 1974 sex.
131
Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968
provided for the construction of 6 million subsidized housing units.
132
Pruitt-Igoe
a public housing development first occupied in 1954 was demolished in St. Louis. The demolition marked a shift away from high-rise concentrated public housing.
133
Community Development Block Grant Program (CDBG)
Created under the Housing and Community Development Act. This grant program provided flex for communities to use federal funds for improvement of blighted areas. The act created section 8 housing voucher that provide rent subsidies for low income household.s
134
National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Act of 1974
regulated mobile homes for the first time. Local ordinances can be used to regulate manufactured housing in terms of location, size, and appearance. The act applied to all manufactured home built in 1976 or later.
135
Home Mortgage Disclosure Act
is a 1975 federal law that requires financial institutions to report mortgage data to the public. HMDA grew out of concern over credit shortage in some neighborhoods. The law helps track whether banks are serving the housing credit needs of their communities, potentially identifying discriminatory lending patterns.
136
Community Reinvestment Act
federal law enacted in 1977 encourages banks to meet the credit needs of low and moderate income neighborhoods. One of the the aims of CRA was to reverse teh effects of redlining, a.
137
Urban Development Act Grant Program
The purpose of this act was to promote public- private partnerships for the redevelopment of urban areas. It required intergovernmental cooperation in the placement of projects. Finally it cut funding for the Section 701 comprehensive planning program.
138
National Affordable Housing Act of 1990
created HOME program which provides funds for housing rehabilitation
139
HOPE VI
passed by congress. The HOPE VI grant program provided funds for the redevelopment of severely distressed public housing. it allowed for the demolition of public housing as well aas teh sontruction of public housing in mixed income neighborhoods, following the principles of New Urbanism.
140
Consolidation Plan
HUD required local communities to prepare a consolidated plan in order to recieve funding from HUD programs. The consolidated planning process replaces the planning and application requirments for the following: Community Development Block Grants, HOME investment Partnership Program, Emergency Shelter Grant, Housing Opportunities for Person with AIDS
141
Sweat Equity
interest or increased value in property earned from labor put towards the restoration of a property.
142
Urban Homesteading
encourage residents to occupy and renovate vacant properties.
143
Workforce Housing
subsidized housing meant for teachers, nurses, police officers, and other in the workforce
144
Community Development Bank
banks that operate in low to moderate income areas. They are certified by the US department of treasury. In addition, banks can seek alternative designation
145
Colonias
unincorporated subdivisions with little or no infrastructure that are sold to low-income individuals. Located in Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas.
146
National Park Service
Created in 1916 when President Woodrow Wilson signed the Organic Act of 1916
147
John Muir
Early advocate for the national park system. Broguht into national attention that site should be national parks.
148
Teddy Roosevelt
Created five national parks and created 18 national monuments, including the grand canyon.
149
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Improved the national park through the Civilian Conservation Corps.
150
Linear Park
Long ass parks (high line in nyc)
151
Regional Parks
may be managed by a special park district and serve multiple jurisdictions
152
Park Level of Service
standards include percetage of the population within a 1/2 miles of a neighborhood or trail. i.e. a service level of A would have 75% or more of the population within a 1/2 miles of a neighborhood park or trail.
153
ParkScore
rating system for the 100 largest U.S. cities developed by the Trust for Public Land. Four characteristics are acreage, investment, amenities, and access.
154
Food Policy Council (FPC)
Group of individuals that advises local and state government on matter related to food policy
155
Agricultural Land Trust
identifies agricultural lands that should be preserved, and works with farm owners to participate in the trust via a conservation easement
156
Conservation easement
An agreement between a landowner and land trust (or conservation group or government agency) reading the future uses of private property
157
Healthy Corner Store Initiatives
Program that provides financial assistance to small corner grocery stores to increase the offering of healthful food in underserved neighborhoods, as well as educating store owners and residents of the need for healthy food options
158
First historic district
Charleston, South Carolina 1931
159
Who oversees the National Register of Historic Places
US Department of Interior National Park Service
160
National Historic Preservation Act 1966
Requires that all states have a State Historic Preservation Office.
161
Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System
phone survey to collect state-level data on the prevalence of behavioral risks among adults, for example, the surey ask about smoking and physical activity
162
Health Impact Assessment
uses quantitative and qualitative methods to assess the health consequences of policy, project or program where health is not he primary objective. For example, the City of Columbus, Ohio's public health department provides a health impact assessment on each development proposal in city, which allows the health department to provide critical input on how the development will/could impact health.
163
Corridor Transportation Planning
Corridor planning refers to roadway, but can also apply to rail corridors, waterways, and greenways. Corridor planing identifies the long-range transportation needs along the corridor, evaluate alternatives, and implement strategies addressing these needs.
164
Robert Park
Developed the notion of neighborhood planning
165
1972 Clean Water Act
provided key legislative support for aiding cities in waterway restoration
166
Other subsets of planning
health planning, corridor planning ,neighborhood planning, waterfront planning, downtown planning
167
Edge City
describes a relatively new concentration of business, shopping, and entertainment outside a traditional urban area. Term popularized in Edge City by Joel Garreau.
