Arguements Flashcards
(38 cards)
What is an argument
An argument is a set of statements, once or more of which is claimed to proud support for s or reasons believe to or accept, another statement
What is a statement?
A student is a sentence that is either true or false
What components must every argument here?
- A conclusion, or statement that the premises are claimed to support or imply
- At least one premises, or a statement that sets forth evidence for the conclusion
What are some conclusion indicator words?
- Therefore
- Accordingly
- Entails that
- Wherefore
- We may conclude
- Hence
- Thus
- Consequently
- We may infer
- So
- For this reason
- It must be that
- Given That
- For the reason that
- In as much
What are some common premise indictor words
- Since
- In That
- Seeing that
- For the reason that
- In as much as
- Owing to
- May be inferred from
- As
- Given That
- As indicated
- Because
- ## For
What are not Statements?
Question
Proposal
Suggestion
What are two central features to an corgument?
- It attmups to commence or prove, something to the reader or lister. This “something” is the conclusion
- It provides evidence in order to support the conclusion
What is a simple noninferential passage
A simple non inferential passage is a passage that does not attempt to prove anything. While such passages contain statements that could be premises or conclusions or both, what is missing is a claim that any potential supports a conclusion is supported by premises.
What is an illustrations ?
It is an expression involving one or more examples that is intended to show what something means or how it is done
What is an explanation ?
An explanation is an expression that purports tu shed light on some event or phenomena
What is a conditional statement?
A conditional statement (hypothetical statement ) is an “if… then Statement
What is a sufficient condition?
A sufficient condition is a state affairs where the presence P guarantees the presence of q.
What is a necessary condition?
A necessary condition is an state of affords where the presence of Q guarantees the presence of P
EXP. B
What is an expository passage?
Is a type of discourse that begins with a topic sentence followed by one or more sentences that develop the topic sentience
What is a deductive argument?
It is an argument incorporating the claim that it is impossible for the conclusion to be false given that the premises are true
Deductive - Very true
What is an inductive argument?
It is an argument incorporating the claim that it is improbable that the conclusion be false given that the premises are true
Inductive - It can be true
An argument bused on mathematics …
Is an argument in which the conclusion depends on some purely arithmetic or geometric computation or meuswemit.
An argument from definition …
Is an argument in which the conclusion is claimed to depend merely on the definition of some word or phrase used in the premise or conclusion.
What is a syllogism?
It is an argument consisting of exactly two premises and one conclusion.
What is categorical syllogism?
It a syllogism in which each statement begins with one of the words “all”, “no”, or “some”.
What is a hypothetical syllogism ?
It is a syllogism having a conditional statement for one or both of its premises.
What is a disjunctive syllogism ?
It is a syllogism having a disjunctive statement
What is a prediction?
At prediction is an inductive argument that proceeds from anoushedge of some event in the relative past to a claim about some other event in the relative future.
What is an argument from an analogy?
It is an inductive argument that depends on the existence of u similarity between two things or states of affairs
