Arguments In Action Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is a statement
A statement is a sentence that contains TRUTH VALUE. Meaning it can be proved true or false
What does not belong in a statement
Questions
Exclamation
Commands
How do you evaluate an argument
Valid
Invalid
Or
Acceptable
Unacceptable
What is an argument
A collection of statements that aim to convince us of something
What is a statement referred to in philosophy
A premise
What is a is the support to the statement referred to in philosophy
Conclusion
What are some premise indicators
Since
Because
Assuming that
Moreover
It follows from
The fact that
What are some conclusion indicators
Therefore
So
Hence
Consequently
Implies that
What makes a premise acceptable
Provides justification to believe the conclusion
It gives support to another relevant premise
Contains appropriate analogy
Attacks the claim rather then the person
What makes a premise sufficient
Sufficient premises are both relevant and accurate
Sufficient premises are enough to engender a well found confidence in the conclusion
What is standard form
A way of presenting an argument wich makes the premise and conclusion clear
How do you follow standard form
First you have to tidy it up do this by removing any sentences that don’t contain relevancy then list all the premises in order and identify your conclusion and finally put into structure
What is a valid argument
One were the truth of the premise leads to the truth of the conclusion
What is an invalid argument
The truth of the conclusion is not guaranteed by the truth of the premise
What is an acceptable argument
An acceptable argument is one that is both valid and has true premise and guarantees a true conclusion
What is a fallacy
Common errors in are reasoning
What is a formal fallacy
They are fallacious due to an invalid structure or form
What are fallacies that effect acceptability
Ambiguity
Appeals to authority
Slippery slopes
Confirmation bias
What are fallacies that effect relevance
Ad hominem
Appeals to emotion
